bić

== Old Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bìti. First attested in 1388. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /bʲit͡ɕʲ/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /bʲit͡ɕʲ/ === Verb === bić impf (frequentative bijać) (transitive, attested in Masovia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) to beat, to hit [with accusative ‘whom/what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘what’; or with po (+ locative) ‘what’; or (of winds) with ku (+ dative) ‘to what’; or with instrumental ‘with what’] kijem bić ― to beat with a stick (attested in Masovia, Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) to attack, to assault [with na (+ accusative)] to kill to slaughter (attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland) to fasten, to fix (reflexive with się, attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) to fight [with z (+ instrumental) ‘with whom’] (attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca) to argue ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: bić Silesian: bić === References === Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “bić”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN Mańczak, Witold (2017), “bić”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “bić”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “bić”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “bić”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 82 B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “bić”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “bić”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -it͡ɕ Syllabification: bić === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old Polish bić. ==== Verb ==== bić impf (frequentative bijać) (transitive) to beat (to strike or hit multiple times to cause pain) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with w (+ accusative) or po (+ locative) ‘where’] bić kijem ― to beat with a stick bić po twarzy/w twarz ― to hit someone's face (intransitive) to beat (to strike, e.g. a surface multiple times) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with w (+ accusative) ‘what’; or with o (+ accusative) ‘against what’] Synonyms: uderzać, walić bić w bęben ― to beat a drum Deszcz bije o okno ― Rain is beating against the window. (transitive, cooking) to beat (to whip eggs or cream quickly and repeatedly and turn them into a stiff mass using a special tool) Synonym: ubijać bita śmietana ― whipped cream (transitive) to beat out; to mint (to produce by striking metal) bić monety ― to mint coins Synonym: wybijać (transitive) to print (to produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine) Synonyms: drukować, odciskać, tłoczyć (transitive) to beat (to be better than someone else in something) [with instrumental ‘with what’] Hypernym: pokonywać bić konkurencję ― to beat competition bić rekord ― to beat a record (transitive) to beat (to defeat in armed combat) Synonym: pokonywać Hypernym: walczyć (transitive, firearms) to fire (to shoot a firearm) [with z (+ genitive) or accusative ‘a firearm’] bić z karabinu ― to fire a gun Synonyms: rąbać, walić Hypernym: strzelać (intransitive, of a firearm) to fire (to be shot and produce a sound) Synonyms: rąbać, walić Hypernym: strzelać (transitive) to compromise; to damage, to tarnish (to cause negative consequences or worsen a situation for someone) [with w (+ accusative) ‘what/whom’] bić w dobre imię ― to damage/tarnish someone's good name (transitive) to slaughter, to cull (to kill animals) bić świnię ― to slaughter a pig Synonym: ubijać Hypernym: zabijać (transitive) to beat out to ring (e.g. of a clock, to make noise as a signal) Synonym: wybijać Godzina bije. ― The hour strikes. Dzwon bije. ― The bell is ringing. Zegar bije. ― The clock is ticking. (intransitive) to beat (to produce audible or detectible otherwise rhythmic sounds) [with dative ‘for whom’] Synonym: pukać Serce bije. ― The heart is beating. (obsolete, reflexive with się) to beat (to produce audible or detectible otherwise rhythmic sounds) (intransitive) to read (e.g. of an indicator to indicate an amount) Synonym: wybijać (transitive, games, card games) to take (to take a card, figure, chess piece, etc.) [with instrumental ‘with what’] Synonyms: zabijać, zbijać Hypernym: zabierać bić pionka ― to take a pawn (intransitive) to burst (to emerge from somewhere suddenly and powerfully) [with od (+ genitive) ‘from whom/what’] Synonym: wybijać (reflexive with się, Middle Polish) to burst (to emerge from somewhere suddenly and powerfully) (intransitive, literary) to burst (to be seen in one's behavior or appearance) [with od (+ genitive) ‘from whom’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’] Synonyms: emanować, promieniować (transitive, colloquial) to beat into; to inlay (to cause to enter by beating or striking) Synonym: wbijać (transitive, mining) to drill (to dig; to pierce) bić studnię ― to dig out a well (intransitive, obsolete, of a quail) to coo (to make a characteristic sound) (intransitive, Middle Polish) to oppose (to act against) [with na (+ accusative) or przeciw (+ dative) or przeciwko (+ dative) or ku (+ dative) ‘against whom/what’] Synonym: sprzeciwiać się (intransitive, Middle Polish, of lighting) to strike Synonym: uderzać (intransitive, Middle Polish, of hail) to strike (intransitive, Middle Polish, of grain) to thresh Synonym: młócić (reflexive with się) to beat oneself (to hit one's own body) [with w (+ accusative) or po (+ locative) ‘where’] Synonym: uderzać się (reflexive with się) to beat each other (to strike one another) [with w (+ accusative) or po (+ locative) ‘where’] Synonym: uderzać się (reflexive with się) to fight (to strike one another, to have a physical conflict with) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘(with)whom’] Synonyms: bęckować się, naparzać się Hypernym: walczyć (reflexive with się) to fight (to have a martial conflict, to fight during war) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘(with)whom’; or with o (+ accusative) ‘for/over what’] Synonym: walczyć (reflexive with się) to fight (to contend with someone over some goal or aim) [with z (+ instrumental) ‘(with)whom’; or with o (+ accusative) ‘for/over what’] Synonym: walczyć ===== Conjugation ===== ===== Synonyms ===== Thesaurus:bić ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Related terms ===== === Etymology 2 === See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. ==== Noun ==== bić n genitive plural of bicie === Further reading === bić in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN bić się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN bić in Polish dictionaries at PWN bić in Polish dictionaries at PWN Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “bić”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “bić się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish] Jadwiga Chotkowska (06.12.2018), “BIĆ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century] “BIĆ%20SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 02.12.2008 Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “bić”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “bić”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bić”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 146 bić in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego bić się in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego == Silesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish bić. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbit͡ɕ/ Rhymes: -it͡ɕ Syllabification: bić === Verb === bić impf (frequentative bijać) (transitive) to beat (to strike or hit multiple times to cause pain) (transitive) to slaughter, to cull (to kill animals) (transitive) to kill (transitive) to nail down, to tack down (to affix using nails or other sharp objects) (transitive, mining) to drill (to dig; to pierce) (transitive) to beat out to ring (e.g. of a clock, to sound) (reflexive with sie) to beat oneself (reflexive with sie) to beat each other; to fight ==== Conjugation ==== === Further reading === bic in dykcjonorz.eu bić in silling.org bić_sie in silling.org Bogdan Kallus (2020), “bić”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 245 Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “bić (sie)”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 64 Aleksandra Wencel (2023), “bić, bić śe”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 57 Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023), “bić (1028-1048)”, in Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), b, pages 45-46 == Upper Sorbian == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bìti. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbit͡ʃ/ Rhymes: -it͡ʃ Homophone: bič Hyphenation: bić Syllabification: bić === Verb === bić impf (transitive) to beat, hit, knock (transitive) to mint (transitive) to press ==== Conjugation ==== === Further reading === “bić”, in Mudra corpus [Upper Sorbian–Czech dictionary] (in Czech), 2024–2026 “bić” in Soblex