bi quan

== Vietnamese == === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 悲觀, composed of 悲 (“sad; compassionate”) and 觀 (“outlook”), from Japanese 悲観 (hikan, literally “sad outlook”), reinterpreted from Buddhist Literary Chinese 悲觀 (bēiguān, literally “compassionate outlook”), mentioned in the Chinese version of the Lotus Sutra together with 慈觀 / 慈观 (từ quan, literally “benevolent outlook”). See also từ bi and Quan Thế Âm. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓi˧˧ kwaːn˧˧] (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓɪj˧˧ kwaːŋ˧˧] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɓɪj˧˧ waːŋ˧˧] === Adjective === bi quan pessimistic Antonym: lạc quan