barn

== English == === Pronunciation === enPR: bärn (General American, Ireland) IPA(key): [bɑɹn], [bɑɻn] (Scotland) IPA(key): [baɾn] (New York City) IPA(key): [bɒən] (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA(key): [bɑːn] (New Zealand, parts of England) IPA(key): [bɐːn] (General Australian, Wales, Boston) IPA(key): [baːn] Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)n === Etymology 1 === From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”). More at rest and barley. For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology. ==== Noun ==== barn (plural barns) (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle. (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres. (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena. (slang) A warm and cozy place, especially a bedroom; a roost. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned) (transitive) To lay up in a barn. Synonym: (obsolete) imbarn ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, progeny”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate to Frisian bern ("child/children"), Middle Dutch baren (“child”). ==== Noun ==== barn (plural barns) (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child. ===== Synonyms ===== (child): bairn ===== Translations ===== === References === “barn”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “barn”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === NRAB, bran, N-bar, Bran == Breton == === Etymology === From Middle Breton barn, from Proto-Brythonic *barnad, from Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna. === Verb === barn (transitive) To judge. ==== Inflection ==== ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Danish == === Etymology === From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /barn/, /b̥ɑːˀn/, [pɑ̈ˀn] === Noun === barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn) child (immature human) Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn. This is not a fitting place for children. child (human offspring) Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra. My children have all moved out. ==== Usage notes ==== In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “barn” in Den Danske Ordbog == Faroese == === Etymology === From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈpatn] Rhymes: -atn === Noun === barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn) child ==== Declension ==== == French == === Pronunciation === === Noun === barn m (plural barns) (physics) barn (unit) == Gothic == === Romanization === barn romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 == Icelandic == === Etymology === From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈpartn̥], (colloquial) [ˈpatn̥], (southeastern) [ˈparn] Rhymes: -artn, -atn === Noun === barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn) child ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Italian == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from English barn. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbarn/ Rhymes: -arn Hyphenation: bàrn === Noun === barn m (invariable) (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area) === Further reading === barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. ==== Alternative forms ==== bern, bearn, bærn, barne, berne, baren ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /barn/, /baːrn/, /bɛrn/ ==== Noun ==== barn (plural barnes or barnen) A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny. A child, youth, or baby. A person; a member of humanity. A younger soldier or fighter. ===== Related terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: barn, bern (obsolete, dialectal) Geordie: bairn Scots: bairn→ English: bairn Yola: barrn ===== References ===== “bā̆rn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 25 April 2018. === Etymology 2 === ==== Noun ==== barn alternative form of bern (“barn”) == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɑːɳ/ === Noun === barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene) child ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “barn” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Alternative forms === bonn, bån (dialectal) badn, bådn (differentiation) === Etymology === From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This umlaut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /baːrn/, /baːn/, /baːɳ/ (palatal N) IPA(key): /baːɲ/ === Noun === barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna) child ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== bera (“to bear, carry”, verb) === References === “barn” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Old Danish == === Etymology === From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. === Noun === barn n (genitive barns, plural børn) child ==== Descendants ==== Danish: barn == Old English == === Verb === barn first/third-person singular preterite of beirnan == Old High German == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn. === Noun === barn n child ==== Declension ==== == Old Norse == === Etymology === From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. === Noun === barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn) child ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== === Further reading === Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “barn”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive == Old Saxon == === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn. === Noun === barn n child ==== Declension ==== == Old Swedish == === Alternative forms === ᛒᛆᚱᚿ (Runic) === Etymology === From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. === Noun === barn n child ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Swedish: barn == Polish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English barn. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbarn/ Rhymes: -arn Syllabification: barn === Noun === barn m inan (nuclear physics) barn (unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres) ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN == Spanish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbaɾn/ [ˈbaɾn] Rhymes: -aɾn Syllabification: barn === Noun === barn m (plural barns) (physics) barn === Further reading === “barn”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bɑːrn/, [bɑːɳ] === Noun === barn n a child (person who has not reached adulthood) Hyponyms: pojke, flicka a child (son or daughter) Hyponyms: son, dotter (figuratively) a child (figurative offspring) (idiomatic, in "med barn" (with child)) pregnant, with child Synonyms: gravid, (somewhat solemn) havande, (knocked up) på smällen (uncountable) barn (a unit of area in nuclear physics) ==== Usage notes ==== More common in Swedish than in English in (sense 4). Not euphemistic. ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== unge telning ==== Derived terms ==== === References === barn in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker barn in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922) Svensk MeSH == Vilamovian == === Alternative forms === baorn === Noun === barn plural of bar == Welsh == === Etymology === Inherited from Middle Welsh barn. Cognate with Welsh barnu (“to judge”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /barn/ === Noun === barn f (plural barnau) opinion, view Synonyms: opiniwn, tyb judgement, sentence Synonyms: barniad, dyfarniad, rheithfarn ==== Derived terms ==== anwadalfarn (“changeable of mind”) barnu (“to adjudge; to pass sentence”) Dydd y Farn (“Judgement Day”) rhagfarn (“prejudice”) rheithfarn (“verdict”) === Mutation === === Further reading === D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “barn”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “barn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies