axis of resistance

== English == === Alternative forms === Axis of Resistance === Etymology === Calque of Arabic مِحْوَرُ المُقَاوَمَة (miḥwaru l-muqāwama). First used in 2002 in Libya in response to George W. Bush's "axis of evil". === Proper noun === the axis of resistance (geopolitics) An Iranian-led, anti-American, anti-Zionist, Shiite Islamist coalition in the Middle East whose significant participants include the IRGC, Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Houthis. === Further reading === axis of resistance on Wikipedia.Wikipedia