art

== Translingual == === Etymology === Clipping of English artificial. === Symbol === art (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for artificial languages. == English == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English art, from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative of ars (“art”). Partly displaced native Old English cræft, whence Modern English craft. See also archaic English list (“art, craft, cunning, skill”). ==== Pronunciation ==== (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑːt/ (General American) IPA(key): /ɑɹt/ Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t Hyphenation: art ==== Noun ==== art (countable and uncountable, plural arts) (uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium. (uncountable) The creative and emotional expression of mental imagery, such as visual, auditory, social, etc. (countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus. (uncountable) The study and the product of these processes. (uncountable) Aesthetic value. (uncountable) Artwork. (countable) A field or category of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, ballet, or literature. (countable) (often in dichotomy with science) A subject understood best through intuition rather than methodology. (countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation. 1855, Harriet Martineau's translation, The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte Vol. 1, Introduction, Ch. 2, page 21, from Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive (1830–1842) The relation of science to art may be summed up in a brief expression: From Science comes Prevision: from Prevision comes Action. (uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation. ===== Synonyms ===== (Human effort): craft ===== Antonyms ===== (antonym(s) of “Human effort”): nature, subsistence ===== Hyponyms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== English terms starting with “art” ===== Descendants ===== Jamaican Creole: aat Tok Pisin: at → Japanese: アート (āto) → Korean: 아트 (ateu) ===== Translations ===== ==== Further reading ==== art on Wikipedia.Wikipedia Category:Art on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons Art on Wikiquote.Wikiquote Art on Wikisource.Wikisource Art on Wikibooks.Wikibooks === Etymology 2 === From Middle English art, from Old English eart, second-person singular present indicative of wesan. Further etymology uncertain, see are. Cognate with Faroese ert and Icelandic ert. ==== Pronunciation ==== (stressed) (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑːt/ (General American) IPA(key): /ɑɹt/ (unstressed) (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ət/ (General American) IPA(key): /əɹt/ ==== Verb ==== art (archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of be: [you] are How great thou art! ― How great you are! ==== See also ==== === References === “art”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. Raymond Williams (1983), “Art”, in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society, revised American edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 40. art in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “art”, in The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. Hickey, Raymond (1984), “Coronal Segments in Irish English”, in Journal of Linguistics, volume 20, number 2, →DOI, pages 233–250 === Anagrams === Tar, RAT, TRA, ATR, TAR, RTA, rat, rta, tra, 'rat, tar, Rat == Albanian == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin ars, artem. === Noun === art m (definite arti) art ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== zeje === Further reading === FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[5], 1980 Newmark, Leonard (1999), “art”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎[6], Oxford: Oxford University Press “art”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006 == Catalan == === Etymology === From Latin artem. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Northwestern) [ˈart] IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈaɾt] Rhymes: -aɾt === Noun === art m or f (plural arts) art (something pleasing to the mind) ==== Usage notes ==== Generally masculine in the singular, feminine in the plural. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Noun === art m (plural arts) fishing net ==== Derived terms ==== artet ==== Related terms ==== bou xarxa === Further reading === “art”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “art”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “art” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “art”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan) == Cornish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English art. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ɒɹt] === Noun === art m (plural artys) art ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “art” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek. == Crimean Tatar == === Noun === art back Synonyms: arqa, sırt == Danish == === Etymology === From Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz, cognate with German Art. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɑˀd̥] Homophone: ard === Noun === art c (singular definite arten, plural indefinite arter) kind nature species ==== Inflection ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Faroese: art → Icelandic: art == French == === Etymology === From Latin artem, accusative singular of ars. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /aʁ/ === Noun === art m (plural arts) art ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== artifice artificiel artisan artiste ==== Descendants ==== ⇒ Haitian Creole: la ⇒ Mauritian Creole: lar === Further reading === “art”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === rat == Icelandic == === Etymology === First attested in the 1600s. Borrowed from Danish or Middle High German art, both from Middle Low German ārt, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature, quality, characteristic”). The sense "art" is a borrowing from French art, which is a distant cognate. Compare Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish art. Doublet of arður. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈar̥t] Rhymes: -art === Noun === art f (genitive singular artar, nominative plural artir) (dated) nature, character, disposition [First attested in the 1500s] Synonym: náttúrufar (n) wellbeing, growth Synonym: þrif (n) [First attested in the 1500s] (obsolete) type [First attested in the 1500s] (obsolete) art ==== Declension ==== === References === Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “art”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.) Kristín Bjarnadóttir, editor (2002–2026), “art”, in Beygingarlýsing íslensks nútímamáls [The Database of Modern Icelandic Inflection] (in Icelandic), Reykjavík: The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies Mörður Árnason (2019), Íslensk orðabók, 5th edition, Reykjavík: Forlagið “art” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages) == Irish == === Etymology === From Old Irish art, explained in glossaries as “stone”. === Noun === art m (genitive singular airt, nominative plural airt) stone ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== chomh marbh le hart (“stone dead”) === Mutation === === Further reading === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “art”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “art”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Latvian == === Etymology === From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”), from *h₁er- (“sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces”), whence also the verb irt; see there for more. Cognates include Lithuanian árti, Old Prussian artoys (“plowman”) (compare Lithuanian artójas), Old Church Slavonic орати (orati), Russian dialectal or dated ора́ть (orátʹ), Belarusian ара́ць (arácʹ), Ukrainian ора́ти (oráty), Bulgarian ора́ (orá), Czech orati, Polish orać, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Old Norse erja, Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ẖarra-⁠/, “to crush; (passive form) to disappear”), [Term?] (/⁠ẖarš-⁠/, “to tear open; to plow”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō), Latin arō. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈâɾt] === Verb === ar̂t (transitive, 1st conjugation, present aru, ar, ar, past aru) to plow (to prepare (land) for sowing by using a plow) art zemi ― to plow the land, earth art tīrumu, lauku ― to plow a field art dārzu ― to plow a garden art kūdraino augsni ― to plow the peaty soil art ar traktoru ― to plow with a tractor papuvi ara divi traktori ― two tractors plowed the fallow (land) iziet art agri no rīta ― to go plowing early in the morning rudenī, rugāju arot, sekoju Jurim pa vagu un sarunājos ― in autumn, while (he was) plowing the stubble field, I followed Juris along the furrows and talked ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === References === == Maltese == === Alternative forms === ard (obsolete) === Etymology === Inherited from Arabic أَرْض (ʔarḍ). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /art/ IPA(key): /aːrt/ (variant, as if spelt *għart) Rhymes: -art, -aːrt === Noun === art f (plural artijiet or (obsolete) iradi) earth (our planet) Synonym: dinja land, ground, soil homeland art twelidi ― my homeland bla art ― without a homeland ==== Inflection ==== ==== Derived terms ==== == Middle English == === Etymology 1 === From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art, second person singular of *iraną. ==== Alternative forms ==== eart, ert ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /art/ ==== Verb ==== art second-person singular present indicative of been ===== Usage notes ===== This form is more common than bist for the second-person singular. ===== Descendants ===== English: art (archaic, dialectal) Yola: yarth, yart === Etymology 2 === Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís. ==== Alternative forms ==== aart, arte ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /art/, (Northern) /aːrt/ ==== Noun ==== art (plural artes or ars) Knowledge about a field or subject (either academic or trade): A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium). The seven medieval liberal arts collectively. Competence or skill in a particular task. General knowledge, skill, or competence. Deception; misleading behaviour or an instance of it. A code of conduct; a set of behavioural guidelines. (rare) Human behaviour (as opposed to natural occurrences). ===== Descendants ===== English: art Scots: airt ===== References ===== “art, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 3 === Probably borrowed from Middle Irish aird (“compass point”), from Old Irish aird; perhaps influenced semantically by erd (“district”), though the sense-development is paralleled by modern English quarter (“locality, neighbourhood”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /aːrt/, /art/ ==== Noun ==== art (Northern) district, locality (Early Scots) compass point ===== Descendants ===== Middle Scots: art, airt, airth Scots: airt, airth, ert ==== References ==== == Middle French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French art. === Noun === art m (plural ars) art ==== Descendants ==== French: art⇒ Haitian Creole: la⇒ Mauritian Creole: lar == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Art. === Noun === art f or m (definite singular arta or arten, indefinite plural arter, definite plural artene) character, nature, kind (biology) a species ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “art” in The Bokmål Dictionary. === Anagrams === rat, tar == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === Borrowed from German Art. === Noun === art m or f (definite singular arten or arta, indefinite plural artar or arter, definite plural artane or artene) (biology) a species character, nature, kind ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ard === References === “art” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. === Anagrams === rat, tar == Occitan == === Etymology === From Latin ars. === Pronunciation === === Noun === art m (plural arts) art ==== Related terms ==== artista == Old English == === Verb === art alternative form of eart == Old French == === Etymology === From Latin artem, accusative of ars. === Noun === art oblique singular, m or f (oblique plural arz or artz, nominative singular arz or artz, nominative plural art) art (skill; practice; method) (Can we date this quote?) Walter of Bibbesworth: Le Tretiz, ed. W. Rothwell, ANTS Plain Texts Series 6, 1990. Date of cited text: circa 1250 ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: artFrench: art⇒ Haitian Creole: la⇒ Mauritian Creole: lar Norman: art Walloon: årt → Middle English: art English: artJamaican Creole: aatTok Pisin: at→ Japanese: アート (āto)→ Korean: 아트 (ateu) Scots: airt === References === Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “art”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC. art on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub Etymology and history of “art”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Old Irish == === Etymology === From Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Cornish arth, Welsh arth. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈart̪/ === Noun === art m bear ==== Inflection ==== === Mutation === == Old Norse == === Alternative forms === argt ragt — with metathesis === Adjective === art strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of argr == Swedish == === Etymology === From Old Swedish art, from Middle Low German art, from Old Saxon *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“character, nature, inborn quality”). === Pronunciation === === Noun === art c species ==== Declension ==== === References === “art”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish) === Anagrams === tar == Turkish == === Etymology === From Ottoman Turkish آرت (art), آرد (ard) from Proto-Turkic *hārt (“back”). Cognate with Turkish arka. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈaɾt/ === Adjective === art hind, rear art tekerler ― rear wheels ==== Synonyms ==== arka === Noun === art (definite accusative ardı, plural artlar) back the other side ==== Declension ==== ==== Synonyms ==== arka ==== Derived terms ====