arch

== English == === Pronunciation === (General American) enPR: ärch, IPA(key): /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑːt͡ʃ/ (by analogy to arc, nonstandard) IPA(key): ((General American)) /ɑɹk/, ((Received Pronunciation)) /ɑːk/ Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tʃ === Etymology 1 === From Middle English arch, arche, from Old French arche (“an arch”), a feminine form of arc, from Latin arcus (“a bow, arc, arch”). Doublet of arc and arco. Displaced native Old English bīeġels. ==== Noun ==== arch (plural arches) An inverted U shape. An arch-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal stones, designed to redistribute downward force outward. (architecture) An architectural element having the shape of an arch Any place covered by an arch; an archway. (archaic, geometry) An arc; a part of a curve. A natural arch-shaped opening in a rock mass. (anatomy) The curved part of the bottom of a foot. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== arch (third-person singular simple present arches, present participle arching, simple past and past participle arched) (transitive) To form into an arch shape. (transitive) To cover with an arch or arches. ===== Translations ===== ==== References ==== John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “arch”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. === Etymology 2 === From the prefix arch-. "Principal" is the original sense; "mischievous" is via onetime frequent collocation with rogue, knave, etc. ==== Adjective ==== arch (comparative archer, superlative archest) Knowing, clever, mischievous. (Ireland) Cute, sly, prematurely wise. Principal; primary. ===== Derived terms ===== archly archness ===== Translations ===== ==== Noun ==== arch (plural arches) (obsolete) A chief. (video games) Synonym of god (“person who owns and runs a multi-user dungeon”). ==== References ==== === Etymology 3 === Clipping of architecture. ==== Noun ==== arch (plural arches) (electronics, operating systems) An architecture; a computer architecture or instruction set architecture. === See also === arc === Further reading === “arch”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “arch”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. “arch”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === Char, Rach, char, rach == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈarx] === Noun === arch m inan sheet (in printing) ==== Declension ==== == Middle Dutch == === Etymology 1 === From Old Dutch *arg, from Proto-Germanic *argaz. ==== Adjective ==== arch bad, depraved wrong, evil shameful bad, worthless, of low quality ===== Inflection ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== erch ===== Derived terms ===== argeren ===== Descendants ===== Dutch: erg, erreg, errug (eye dialect)Afrikaans: erg→ Caribbean Javanese: èreg === Etymology 2 === A substantive form of the adjective arch. ==== Noun ==== arch n evil disaster, misfortune ===== Inflection ===== === Further reading === “arch (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 “arch (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000 Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “arch (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “arch (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II == Middle English == === Alternative forms === arche === Etymology === From Old French arche. === Noun === arch (plural arches) arch arc ==== Descendants ==== English: arch === References === “arch(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Middle Welsh == === Etymology === From the root of erchi (“to request”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸarsketi, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /arχ/ === Noun === arch f request === Verb === arch second-person singular imperative of erchi === Mutation === == Scots == === Noun === arch (plural archs) alternative form of airch === References === “arch, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. == Welsh == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /arχ/ === Etymology 1 === From Middle Welsh arch, from Proto-Brythonic *arx, from Latin arca. ==== Noun ==== arch f (plural eirch) (obsolete) chest, coffer coffin (a box for the dead) ark (a large boat with a flat bottom) ===== Derived terms ===== arch Noa (“Noah's Ark”) arch y Cyfamod (“Ark of the Covenant”) bwa'r arch (“rainbow”) === Etymology 2 === A back-formation from erchi (“to seek, ask for”). ==== Noun ==== arch f (plural eirchion) request, command Synonyms: cais, deisyfiad, erfyniad ===== Derived terms ===== archeb (“order”) === Etymology 3 === An inflected form of erchi (“to seek, ask for”). ==== Verb ==== arch second-person singular imperative of erchi === Mutation === === Further reading === R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “arch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies