arbiter

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English arbiter, arbytour, arbitre, from Old French arbitre, from Latin arbiter (“a witness, judge, literally one who goes to see”). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɑː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/ (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɚ/, [ˈɑɹ.bɪ.ɾɚ] (Australian) IPA(key): /ˈaː.bɪ.tə(ɹ)/ === Noun === arbiter (plural arbiters) A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them; an arbitrator. (with of) A person or object having the power of judging, determining, or ordaining; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. (electronics) A component in circuitry that allocates scarce resources. (chess) The person who oversees a chess match and ensures the rules are followed. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Verb === arbiter (third-person singular simple present arbiters, present participle arbitering, simple past and past participle arbitered) (transitive) To act as an arbiter. === Further reading === “arbiter”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC. William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin Eli Smith, editors (1895–1910), “arbiter”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC. === Anagrams === rarebit == Dutch == === Etymology === From Middle Dutch arbiter, borrowed from Middle French arbitre, from Latin arbiter. === Pronunciation === Hyphenation: ar‧bi‧ter === Noun === arbiter m (plural arbiters, diminutive arbitertje n) arbiter, arbitrator (sports) referee ==== Related terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Indonesian: arbiter == Indonesian == === Etymology === From Dutch arbiter, from Latin arbiter. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [arˈbitɛr] Hyphenation: ar‧bi‧tèr === Noun === arbitèr (plural arbiter-arbiter) arbiter, arbitrator Synonym: arbitrator ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “arbiter”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Latin == === Etymology === Uncertain, but probably cognate to Umbrian 𐌀𐌛𐌐𐌖𐌕𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌉 (ařputrati, “according to the judgement”, abl.sg.), corresponding to Latin arbitrātū. Possibly from ad- + baetō, with sporadic d > r as in arvorsum, arfuise, thus originally meaning "one that goes to something in order to see or hear it". However, that verb has no certain etymology, and the Umbrian pu remains unexplained. De Vaan suggests a derivation from putō to explain the Umbrian pu, however that is still morphologically difficult since the latter is based on an adjective. The voiced b would have to be exceptional or explained by some peculiarity of the řp sequence in Umbrian. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈar.bɪ.tɛr] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈar.bi.ter] === Noun === arbiter m (genitive arbitrī, feminine arbitra); second declension witness, spectator, onlooker Synonym: testis (law) arbitrator, arbiter (having a wider power than a iūdex) (transferred sense) judge, umpire, arbitrator, arbiter Synonyms: iūdex, disceptātor, spectātor overseer, controller, ruler Synonyms: erus, domnus, dominus ==== Declension ==== Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er). ==== Related terms ==== arbitrātus arbitrium arbitror ==== Descendants ==== Portuguese: álvidro Borrowings: === References === “arbiter” on page 175 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012) De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “arbiter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50 === Further reading === “arbiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “arbiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “arbiter”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co. “arbiter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers “arbiter”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin == Polish == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin arbiter. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /arˈbi.tɛr/ Rhymes: -itɛr Syllabification: ar‧bi‧ter === Noun === arbiter m pers (female equivalent arbiterka) (law) arbiter (person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them) authority (person) Synonyms: autorytet, powaga (sports) referee (umpire, judge of a game) Synonym: sędzia ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === “arbiter”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “arbiter”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[3] (in Polish)