anti-

== English == === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈænˌti/, /ˈæn.tɪ/ (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈæn.ti/, [ˈɛə̯n.ti], /ˈænˌtaɪ/, [ˈɛə̯nˌtaɪ̯], /ˈæn.tə/, [ˈɛə̯n.tə] Homophones: anty, auntie (in some accents) Hyphenation: an‧ti === Etymology 1 === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Cognate with Old English and- (“against, in return, back, un-”), German ent- (“off, away, un-”). Doublet of ante- and un-. ==== Prefix ==== anti- Against, opposed to. Synonym: counter- Antonym: pro- ‎anti- + ‎abortion → ‎antiabortion ‎anti- + ‎racism → ‎antiracism Counteracting, neutralizing. Synonym: counter- ‎anti- + ‎aircraft → ‎antiaircraft ‎anti- + ‎freeze → ‎antifreeze ‎anti- + ‎bacterial → ‎antibacterial The opposite of what is typically expected. ‎anti- + ‎hero → ‎antihero (“a protagonist who acts in an unheroic manner”) ‎anti- + ‎climax → ‎anticlimax (“a failed or reverse climax”) ‎anti- + ‎chess → ‎antichess (“a variant of chess where the goal is to lose all of one's pieces”) Physically opposite, reverse in position or direction. ‎anti- + ‎clockwise → ‎anticlockwise ‎anti- + ‎Arctic → ‎Antarctic A rival or counterpart to. ‎anti- + ‎pope → ‎antipope (“a person who claims to be the real pope”) ‎anti- + ‎Christ → ‎Antichrist (particle physics) Composed of antimatter. ‎anti- + ‎electron → ‎antielectron ‎anti- + ‎galaxy → ‎antigalaxy (immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal. ‎anti- + ‎rabbit → ‎antirabbit ‎anti- + ‎horse → ‎antihorse ===== Usage notes ===== anti- should not be confused with the prefix ante- of Latin (not Greek) origin meaning “before”. (However, anti- does exist as a variant spelling of ante- in some borrowed words, such as anticipate and antipasto, but this spelling cannot be used to coin English words.) anti- sometimes becomes ant- before words beginning in a vowel, as does ante-: antacid. In British English, the anti- forms are often hyphenated as evidenced by OED's many anti- entries using hyphen. However, the exact convention significantly varies. GPO manual recommends using a hyphen when prefixing capitalized words except when usage dictates otherwise. This is matched by usual practice: anti-American or anti-Christian. ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== ===== See also ===== === Etymology 2 === Probably largely from association with etymology 1, either in English or in French, although some early formations (especially antichamber) reflect Italian anti-. ==== Prefix ==== anti- Obsolete form of ante-. antichamber, antiport, antiroom === See also === anti === References === === Further reading === “anti-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. “anti-”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “anti-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN. -- lists many derived terms === Anagrams === nait, Atin, ain't, aniṭ, Tian, tain, tian, tina, Tani, aint, Tain, TINA, -itan, NAIT, Tina == Basque == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /anti/ [ãn̪.t̪i] Hyphenation: an‧ti- === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== == Catalan == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˌan.ti] === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “anti-”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 “anti-”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026 “anti-” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. == Czech == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈantɪ] === Prefix === anti- anti- Synonym: proti- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === anti- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017 == Danish == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === References === “anti-,b” in Den Danske Ordbog == Dutch == === Etymology === Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɑn.ti/ === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Indonesian: anti- == Esperanto == === Etymology === Derived from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “anti”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN “anti-”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026 == Finnish == === Etymology === Internationalism (see English anti-), ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɑnti-/, [ˈɑ̝n̪t̪i-] === Prefix === anti- (chiefly in loanwords) anti- Synonym: vasta- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “anti-”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023 === Anagrams === nait, tain, tina == French == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-), from ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, from *h₂énts + *-i. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑ̃.ti/ === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “anti-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 == Galician == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== From . === Further reading === “anti-”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026 == Garo == === Etymology === (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) === Classifier === anti- classifier for weeks ==== Synonyms ==== sopta == German == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), influenced by Latin borrowings from Greek beginning with anti- (like Antichristus) and German borrowings from Latin or Greek. Doublet of ent-. === Pronunciation === === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “anti-”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[3] (in German) == Hungarian == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈɒnti] Hyphenation: an‧ti === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == Ido == === Etymology === Borrowed from English anti-, French anti-, German anti-, Italian anti-, Spanish anti-, Russian анти- (anti-), all ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈan.ti/ === Prefix === anti- anti-, contra-, counter- (for use mainly in scientific terms) ‎anti- + ‎toxino (“toxin”) → ‎antitoxino (“antitoxin”) ==== Synonyms ==== kontre- ==== Derived terms ==== == Indonesian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈanti/ [ˈan̪.t̪i] Rhymes: -anti Syllabification: an‧ti- === Prefix === anti- anti- Synonym: prati- against, opposed to counteracting, neutralizing the opposite of what is typically expected physically opposite, reverse in position or direction a rival or counterpart to (particle physics) composed of antimatter (immunology) reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal ==== Derived terms ==== === See also === anti kontra- dis- ob- === Further reading === “anti-”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Italian == === Etymology 1 === From Latin ante (“before”). ==== Prefix ==== anti- anti- ante- === Etymology 2 === From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). ==== Prefix ==== anti- anti- ===== Derived terms ===== === Anagrams === Tina, nati, tina == Malay == === Etymology === Borrowed from Dutch anti-, from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Pronunciation === (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA(key): /ˈenti/ [ˈʔɛn̪.t̪i] (Anglicize) Rhymes: -ɛnti, -ti, -i (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /ˈanti/ [ˈʔan̪.t̪i] Rhymes: -anti, -ti, -i Hyphenation: an‧ti === Prefix === anti- (Jawi spelling انت) anti- Antonym: pro- Antikomunisme ― Anti-communism Anti-Amerika ― Anti-America ==== Usage notes ==== Before proper nouns and numerals, this prefix must be followed by a dash '-'. Before other types of nouns, no dash is needed. ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === "anti-" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 === Anagrams === tina, niat == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== anti-aldring === References === “anti-” in The Bokmål Dictionary. == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== anti-aldring === References === “anti-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary. == Portuguese == === Etymology === === Pronunciation === Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɐ̃t͡ʃi, (Portugal) -ɐ̃ti Hyphenation: an‧ti- Homophone: ante- (Brazil) === Prefix === anti- anti- (particle physics) anti- (related to antiparticles or antimatter) (immunology) anti- ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === “anti-”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026 “anti-”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti- ==== Derived terms ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /anti/ [ãn̪.t̪i] Syllabification: an‧ti- === Prefix === anti- anti-; against, opposite, protecting against ==== Derived terms ==== anti === Further reading === “anti-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Swedish == === Etymology === From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”). === Prefix === anti- anti-; against, opposite, protecting against ==== Derived terms ==== === Anagrams === Tina, inat, inta, tian, tina == Tagalog == === Etymology === Borrowed from Spanish anti-, borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”), from ᾰ̓ντῐ́ (ăntĭ́), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, from *h₂énts + *-i. === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔanti/ [ʔɐn̪.t̪ɪ] Syllabification: an‧ti- === Prefix === anti- (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈ᜔ᜆᜒ) anti- Synonym: kontra- ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== ==== See also ==== === Further reading === “anti-”, in KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2025 “anti-”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972), Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 38