antenna

== English == === Etymology === From Latin antenna, antemna (“yard, sailyard; pole”). First used in this sense as a Latin word in the 15th century and as an English word by the end of the 17th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ænˈtɛn.ə/ Rhymes: -ɛnə === Noun === antenna (plural antennae or antennas or (archaic) antennæ) An appendage used for sensing on the head of an insect, crab, or other animal. [from 17th c.] Synonym: feeler An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal. Synonym: aerial (figurative) The faculty of intuitive astuteness. Synonyms: clairvoyance, acumen, perspicacity (biochemistry) A fragment of an oligosaccharide (nautical) The spar to which a lateen sail is attached, which is then hoisted up the mast. Synonym: yard ==== Usage notes ==== For multiple feelers the Anglicised plural, antennas, is used only rarely in scholarly works in the life sciences. In other subjects and in less formal settings, antennas is found with increased frequency. For multiple aerials both plural forms are acceptable in scholarly works. The Latinate plural, antennae, is rarer in less formal settings. 1913 Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin, "A discussion on experimental tests of the radiation law for radio oscillators", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, volume 1, issue 1, pages 3-10, January 1913. When we come to the complicated forms of antennae which we use in practice to-day, it becomes excessively difficult to work out the theory mathematically. 1914 Oliver Lodge, "The fifth Kelvin Lecture: the electrification of the atmosphere, natural and artificial", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, volume 52, issue 229, pages 333-352. At that time it was giving the full 50,000 volts, as measured by the needle spark-gap between the antennae and earth. 1936 Edwin Howard Armstrong, "A method of reducing disturbances in radio signaling by a system of frequency modulation", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, volume 24, issue 5, pages 689-740, May 1936. If the distance between stations is such that the signal strength varies appreciably with time then the directivity of the receiving antennas must be greater than two to one. 2011 G. Brodie, B.M. Ahmed, M.V. Jacob, "Detection of decay in wood using microwave characterization" 2011 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, 5-8 Dec. 2011, pages 1754-1757. Based on results from the dielectric probe experiment, a prototype system was developed to measure microwave attenuation and phase delay between two antennae in order to detect fungal decay in wood at equilibrium moisture content. 2012 V. Mishra, T. Singh, A. Alam, V. Kumar, A. Choudhary, V. Dinesh Kumar, "Design and simulation of broadband nanoantennae at optical frequencies", IET Micro & Nano Letters, volume 7, issue 1, pages 24-28, January 2012. Contrary to RF antennae, the length of such nanoantennae is shorter than half the operating wavelength for fundamental mode and this happens due to excitation of surface plasmons in the case of latter. 2012 Y. Li, A. Nosratinia, "Capacity limits of multiuser multiantenna cognitive networks", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, preprint, page 1, March 2012. For simplicity of exposition, primary and secondary users are assumed initially to have one antenna, however, as shown in the sequel, most of the results can be directly extended to a scenario where each user has multiple antennas. Some make a distinction between an antenna and an aerial, with the former used to indicate a rigid structure for radio reception or transmission, and the latter consisting of a wire strung in the air. For those who do not make a distinction, antenna is more commonly used in the United States and aerial is more commonly used in the United Kingdom. For the faculty of intuitive astuteness, the Latinate plural is used most frequently but both forms are found. ==== Synonyms ==== (Feeler organ on the head of an insect): feeler (Device to receive or transmit radio-frequency signal): aerial ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References === == Italian == === Etymology === From Latin antenna, the scientific senses were borrowed later. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /anˈten.na/ Rhymes: -enna Hyphenation: an‧tén‧na === Noun === antenna f (plural antenne) flagpole (nautical) yard device to receive or transmit radio signals: aerial (UK), antenna (US) feeler organ on the head of an insect: antenna == Latin == === Etymology === May be from Proto-Italic *antitempnā, from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch, extend”). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [anˈtɛn.na] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [anˈtɛn.na] === Noun === antenna f (genitive antennae); first declension yard on a ship (New Latin) antenna in insects etc. ==== Declension ==== First-declension noun. ==== Related terms ==== antemna ==== Descendants ==== === References === “antenna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “antenna”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. “antenna”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers “antenna”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin == Norwegian Bokmål == === Alternative forms === antennen === Noun === antenna m or f definite feminine singular of antenne == Norwegian Nynorsk == === Noun === antenna f definite singular of antenne