alcohol

== English == === Etymology === First attested in the 15th century from Middle English alcofol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, derived from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol transmitted in medical or alchemical literature of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”), which in Andalusian Arabic also bore the form كُحُول (kuḥūl), قُحُول (quḥūl); bearing thus the meaning of stibnite first, then generalized in meaning to a powder obtained by triturating a material, then also to liquids obtained by boiling down, and specialized to mean spirit of wine, ethanol, in the 18th century, then the narrow chemical sense after 1850. Doublet of alcool and kohl. === Pronunciation === (UK) IPA(key): /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/ (US) IPA(key): /ˈæl.kə.hɔl/, /ˈæl.kə.hɑl/ (US, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ˈɑl.kə.hɔl/, /ˈɑl.kə.hɑl/ (Indic) IPA(key): /ˈal.kɵ.hɔl/, /ˈɑl.kɵ.hɔl/, /əl.kɵˈhɔl/, /æl.kɔː.ɦɔːl/, /əl.kʊ.ɦʊl/ Hyphenation: al‧co‧hol === Noun === alcohol (countable and uncountable, plural alcohols) (organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH). (pharmacology, colloquial) Ethanol. (uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively. (obsolete) Any very fine powder. ==== Synonyms ==== See also Thesaurus:alcoholic beverage ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl) → Korean: 알코올 (alkool), 알콜 (alkol) → Malay: alkohol → Swahili: alkoholi → Tok Pisin: alkohol ==== Translations ==== === References === == Asturian == === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcoholes) alcohol == Catalan == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (Central) [əl.kuˈɔl] IPA(key): (Balearic) [əl.koˈɔl] IPA(key): (Valencia) [al.koˈɔl] === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcohols) (organic chemistry, countable) alcohol (uncountable) alcohol ==== Related terms ==== alcohòlic alcoholisme ==== Further reading ==== “alcohol”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007 == Dutch == === Alternative forms === alkohol (superseded) === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin alcohol or Spanish alcohol, of Arabic origin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɑl.koːˌɦɔl/ Hyphenation: al‧co‧hol === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcoholen, no diminutive) (countable, organic chemistry) alcohol (class of compounds) (uncountable) alcohol (ethanol specifically) De suikers worden omgezet in alcohol. ― The sugars are converted into alcohol. (uncountable) alcoholic beverages, collectively Synonym: drank Hyponym: sterke drank Hij zit iets te vaak aan de alcohol. ― He drinks alcoholic beverages a bit too often. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== -ol ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: alkohol → Indonesian: alkohol → Japanese: アルコール (arukōru)→ Pohnpeian: ahrkohl == French == === Pronunciation === === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcohols) (rare) alternative spelling of alcool == Galician == === Alternative forms === alcol álcool (reintegrationist) === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcohois) alcohol ==== Related terms ==== alcohólico alcoholismo ==== Further reading ==== “alcohol”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026 == Interlingua == === Noun === alcohol (uncountable) alcohol (ethanol) ==== Related terms ==== alcoholic == Latin == === Etymology === From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥūl), اَلْقُحُول (al-quḥūl), earlier اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”). === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈaɫ.ko.(ɦ)ɔɫ] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈal.ko.ol] === Noun === alcohol n (genitive alcohōlis); third declension (Medieval Latin) kohl, collyrium, stibium (Medieval Latin) any other powder obtained from triturating a material alcohol ferrī ― rubbed file dust of iron (Medieval Latin) distilled essence, spirit (Medieval Latin) alcohol ==== Declension ==== Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem). ==== Derived terms ==== alcoholicus ==== Descendants ==== === References === alcohol in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016 == Old French == === Noun === alcohol oblique singular, m (oblique plural alcohous or alcohox or alcohols, nominative singular alcohous or alcohox or alcohols, nominative plural alcohol) alcohol ==== Descendants ==== Middle French: alcohol French: alcool, alcohol (obsolete)Haitian Creole: alkòlMauritian Creole: lalkolSeychellois Creole: lalkol→ English: alcool→ Khmer: អាកុល (ʼaakol)→ Malagasy: alkola→? Norman: alcool→ Romanian: alcool→ Ottoman Turkish: آلقول (alkol)→ Turkish: alkol→ Persian: الکل (alkol)→ Vietnamese: ancol, cồn → Middle English: alcofol English: alcohol→ Arabic: كُحُول (kuḥūl)→ Korean: 알코올 (alkool), 알콜 (alkol)→ Malay: alkohol→ Swahili: alkoholi→ Tok Pisin: alkohol == Portuguese == === Noun === alcohol m (countable and uncountable, plural alcohoes) (rare) pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of álcool ==== Usage notes ==== The spelling alcool was far more common. == Romanian == === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcoholi) obsolete form of alcool ==== Declension ==== === References === alcohol in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN == Spanish == === Etymology === From Andalusian Arabic اَلْكُحُول (al-kuḥū́l), from Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (common) /alˈkol/ [alˈkol] Rhymes: -ol IPA(key): (careful speech) /alkoˈol/ [al.koˈol] Rhymes: -ol Syllabification: al‧co‧hol === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcoholes) alcohol (mineralogy) galena (cosmetics) kohl, stibnite ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Basque: alkohol → Quechua: alkul ==== Further reading ==== “alcohol”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025 == Welsh == === Etymology === From English alcohol, from Middle French alcohol or Spanish alcohol, from the Medieval Latin rendering alcohol of Arabic اَلْكُحْل (al-kuḥl, “kohl”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈalkɔhɔl/ === Noun === alcohol m (plural alcoholau) (alcoholic beverages) alcohol Synonym: gwirf ==== Derived terms ==== alcoholig, alcoholaidd (“alcoholic”) alcoholiaeth (“alcoholism”) dialcohol (“alcohol-free”) ==== Related terms ==== diod gadarn (“strong drink”) === Mutation === === References === R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “alcohol”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies