air

== Translingual == === Etymology === Clipping of English Airoran. === Symbol === air (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Airoran. === See also === Wiktionary’s coverage of Airoran terms == English == === Alternative forms === aire, ayre, eyr (obsolete) ayr (especially music) === Pronunciation === (non-rhotic) (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɛə̯/, [ˈɛə̯] (Standard Southern British, General South African) IPA(key): /ˈɛː/, [ˈɛː] (Lancashire, fair–fur merger) IPA(key): /ˈɜː/, [ˈɜː] (Australia) IPA(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈeː] (Western Australia) IPA(key): /ˈeə̯/, [ˈeə̯] (New Zealand) (without the cheer–chair merger) IPA(key): /ˈeə̯/, [ˈe̝ə̯] (cheer–chair merger) IPA(key): /ˈiə̯/, [ˈiə̯] (rhotic) (General American, Standard Canadian) IPA(key): /ˈɛɚ/, [ˈɛɚ] ~ [ˈɛɹ̩] (Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈeɹ/, [ˈeɹ] Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ) Hyphenation: air Homophones: Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, are (“unit of measurement”) (pane–pain merger); e'er (US); err (one US pronunciation or with fair–fur merger); ear (cheer–chair merger), Ayer (some pronunciations) === Etymology 1 === From Middle English aire, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr). Displaced native Old English lyft. More at lift, loft. ==== Noun ==== air (countable and uncountable, plural airs) (uncountable) The substance constituting Earth's atmosphere: a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and various trace gases. The substance of the atmosphere seen as an agency of freshness. (historical, philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Synonym: wind (figurative) The surrounding ambience or mood; see also in the air. (historical, medicine) A local environment or atmosphere, in the context of its effects on behavior, health, weather, etc. (uncountable, usually with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near-vacuum of outer space. (uncountable, loosely) The substance of the atmosphere on a planet other than Earth. A breeze; a gentle wind. A feeling or sense. November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk Smalling’s quick one-two of yellow cards towards the end of the first half had left an air of inevitability about what would follow and, if anything, it was probably a surprise that City restricted themselves to Sergio Agüero’s goal bearing in mind another of United’s defenders, Marcos Rojo, was taken off on a stretcher early in the second half with a dislocated shoulder. A sense of poise, graciousness, or quality. (usually in the plural) Pretension; snobbishness; pretence that one is better than others. (music) A melody or song, especially a solo; an aria. (informal) Nothing; absence of anything. (countable, uncountable) An air conditioning system. (obsolete: chemistry) Any specific gas. (uncountable, snowboarding, skateboarding, motor sports) The state of being briefly airborne during a jump. A television or radio signal; (by extension) media broadcasts in general. (uncountable) Publicity. ===== Synonyms ===== atmosphere aura luft nimbus gas ===== Derived terms ===== English terms starting with “air” ===== Related terms ===== aerate aero- aria ===== Descendants ===== → Jersey Dutch: êr ===== Translations ===== ==== Verb ==== air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airing, simple past and past participle aired) (transitive) To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it. (transitive) To let fresh air into (a room or a building), to ventilate. (transitive) To make public (an opinion, concern, issue, secret, differences, etc); to present to public view (and sometimes discussion). (transitive) To broadcast (a television show etc.). (intransitive) To be broadcast. (transitive, UK, MLE, slang) To ignore (a person). ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === ==== Verb ==== air Pronunciation spelling of are. === Anagrams === ARI, Ari, IAR, IRA, Ira, RIA, Rai, rai, raï, ria == Abau == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /air/ === Noun === air class V gender m areca palm === References === SIL International (2020), “Abau Dictionary”, in Webonary.org‎[6] == Cornish == === Alternative forms === ayr === Etymology === From Old Cornish aer, aƿui(r), borrowed from Latin aer. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [eːɹ] === Noun === air m air == Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from French air, from Middle French air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɛːr/ Hyphenation: air Rhymes: -ɛːr === Noun === air m (plural airs, diminutive airtje n) air, pretension or pretentious attitude tune, melody ==== Descendants ==== Afrikaans: air == French == === Etymology === Inherited from Old French air, aire, from Latin āēr. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɛʁ/ Homophones: aire, airent, aires, airs, ère, ères, erre, errent, erres, ers (general), haire, haires, hère, hères, r (aspirated) === Noun === air m (plural airs) air (gases of the atmosphere) trou d'air ― air pocket résistance de l'air ― air resistance tune, aria appearance avoir l'air ― to appear, to look, to seem air de famille ― family resemblance air (pretension) prendre des airs ― to put on airs se donner des airs ― give oneself airs ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== ⇒ Mauritian Creole: ler === Further reading === “air”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012 === Anagrams === ira rai == Gothic == === Romanization === air romanization of 𐌰𐌹𐍂 == Indonesian == === Etymology === Inherited from Malay air, from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ. === Pronunciation === (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈair/ [ˈa.ɪr] Rhymes: -air Syllabification: air === Noun === air (uncountable) water (clear liquid H2O) mineral water Synonym: air mineral (colloquial) a cockfight round, which begins by spraying water at the cock ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Compounds ==== ==== Related terms ==== === References === Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wahiR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI === Further reading === “air”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016 == Irish == === Etymology 1 === From Old Irish airid (“ploughs, tills”). ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): /aɾʲ/ ==== Verb ==== air (present analytic aireann, future analytic airfidh, verbal noun ar, past participle airthe) (literary, ambitransitive) plough Is brea le mo dhuine a bheith ag ar. ― Your man loves to be ploughing. ===== Conjugation ===== ==== Noun ==== air m genitive singular of ar === Etymology 2 === ==== Pronunciation ==== IPA(key): (stressed) /ɛɾʲ/, (unstressed) /əɾʲ/ ==== Pronoun ==== air (emphatic airsean) third-person singular masculine of ar (on him, on it m) === Mutation === === References === Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “air”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 airid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language == Kedah Malay == === Etymology === From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ä.jäq/ === Noun === air water air manis ― sweet water === References === Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wahiR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI == Kein == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɑiɾ/ === Noun === air woman === Further reading === Bemal Organized Phonology Data == Ludian == === Alternative forms === airo (Pühärv) === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *airo. === Noun === air oar souta airoil ― to scull with oars ==== Declension ==== === References === M. Pahomov (2022), “air”, in Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎[7], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN, page 14 Miikul Pahomov, Lid'a Potašova (2003), “air”, in ABC-kird': Kujärven lüüdin kielel, page 129 Juho Kujola (1944), “air”, in Lyydiläismurteiden sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 5 == Malay == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Malayic *air (cf. Iban ai and Minangkabau aia), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ (cf. Buginese waé and Central Dusun waig). First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (āir). === Pronunciation === (Literary Standard) IPA(key): /ˈair/ [ˈʔa.ir] Rhymes: -air (Kuala Lumpur-Singapore) IPA(key): /ˈae(r)/ [ˈʔa.e(r)] Rhymes: -ae(r) (Kedah) IPA(key): /ˈajaʕ/ [ˈʔa.jaʕ] Rhymes: -ajaʕ Syllabification: a‧ir === Noun === air (Jawi spelling اٴير, uncountable) water A inorganic compound (of molecular formula H2O) found at room temperature and pressure as a clear liquid; it is present naturally as rain, and found in rivers, lakes and seas; its solid form is ice and its gaseous form is steam. The liquid form of this substance: liquid H2O. A serving of liquid water. Water in a body; an area of open water. A combination of water and other substance(s). drink Synonym: minuman A beverage. Drinks in general; something to drink. ==== Alternative forms ==== ayer (obsolete, surviving in place names, pre-1972 in British East Indies) ayar ==== Synonyms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== > Baba Malay: aye (inherited) > Indonesian: air (inherited) === References === Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*wahiR”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “اير ajar”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 86 Wilkinson, R. J. (1901-1903), “اير ayer or ayar”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Singapore; Hong Kong; Shanghai; Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., page 64 Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “ayer”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 56-7 “air”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN === Further reading === "air" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017 == Norman == === Etymology === From Latin āēr. === Noun === air m (plural airs) air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere) ==== Related terms ==== atmosphère, atmosphéthe == Old Breton == === Etymology === From Proto-Brythonic *aɨr ("battle, carnage"), from Proto-Celtic *agrom ("slaughter, battle"). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”), from *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). Cognates include Old Cornish hair, Old Welsh hair and Middle Welsh aer === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ai̯r/ === Noun === air battle, slaughter; carnage == Old French == === Alternative forms === aer, aïr, ar, eir, aeir, eyer, aire === Etymology === From Latin āēr. === Noun === air oblique singular, m (oblique plural airs, nominative singular airs, nominative plural air) air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere) ==== Descendants ==== French: air Norman: air → Middle English: aire, ayre, eire, eyre, aereEnglish: airScots: airYola: aare == Old Irish == === Alternative forms === ar === Etymology === From the same root as ar (“for”, preposition). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈaɾʲ/ === Conjunction === air for (because, since) For quotations using this term, see Citations:air. == Old Javanese == === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiR, compare Malay air. === Noun === air water Synonyms: bañu, jahnī, jala, salila, tīrtha, toya, uda, wari, wwe ==== Alternative forms ==== er her ==== Derived terms ==== === Further reading === "air" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982. == Pohnpeian == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɐjir/ === Verb === air (transitive) to strip off (as stripping insulation off a wire) to wipe off a ropelike object by drawing it through one's hand or fingers === References === “air”, in New Pohnpeian-English Online Dictionary‎[8], Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiʻi == Scots == === Etymology 1 === From Middle English air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr. ==== Noun ==== air (uncountable) air, atmosphere ===== Derived terms ===== air-cock (“weathercock”) air-goat (“snipe”) ==== References ==== “air, n.1”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 2 === From Icelandic ar (“mote, speck of dust”). ==== Alternative forms ==== aire, aer ==== Noun ==== air (plural airs) (Insular Scots, Caithness, Banff) A small quantity, particle, morsel; pinch (of snuff); whiff; taste ==== References ==== “air, n.2”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 3 === Perhaps from air. See above. ==== Verb ==== air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airin, simple past and past participle aired) (Orkney) to taste ==== References ==== “air, v.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 4 === From Middle English ore, from Old English ār, from Proto-West Germanic *airu. ==== Alternative forms ==== aer (Shetland) ==== Noun ==== air (plural airs) (Orkney, Caithness, Northern Scots) oar ==== References ==== “air, n.3”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 5 === Derived from Old Norse eyrr. ==== Alternative forms ==== aer, aire, ayre, er (Insular Scots) ==== Noun ==== air (plural airs) (Insular Scots) gravelly beach ==== References ==== “air, n.4”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 6 === From Middle English eire, from Old French eire, from Latin iter (“journey”). ==== Noun ==== air (plural airs) (obsolete) eyre ==== References ==== “air, n.5”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. === Etymology 7 === From Middle English er, from Old English ǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *airi. ==== Alternative forms ==== ear ==== Adverb ==== air (not comparable) early ==== Adjective ==== air (not comparable) early ==== References ==== “air, adv., adj.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC. == Scottish Gaelic == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɛɾʲ/, /eɾʲ/, /æɾʲ/, (preposition only) /əɾʲ/ (Lewis) IPA(key): /eð/, /ɛð/, /æð/ === Etymology 1 === From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions: ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore. for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer). íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. Cognates include Irish ar and Manx er. ==== Preposition ==== air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases) on, upon air bàrr a' bhalla ― on top of the wall tha mi air an rathad ― I'm on my way air m' fhacal, chan innis mi dhi ― on my word, I will not tell her beag air bheag ― little by little (literally, “little on little”) in (certain geographical contexts) air a' Ghàidhealtachd ― in the Highlands air an dùthaich ― in the countryside of, concerning iomradh air do ghliocas ― a report of thy wisdom by air ainm ― by name from theich an duine orm ― the man fled from me (idiomatic) Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions dè an t-ainm a tha ort? ― what's your name? (literally, “what the name that is on you?”) tha an t-acras orm ― I'm hungry (literally, “the hunger is on me”) tha falt dubh orra ― they have black hair (literally, “black hair is on them”) tha an cnatan oirre ― she has a bad cold (literally, “the cold is on her”) for, on account of, by means of, through, within (triggers lenition) air an adhbhar sin ― for that reason air bheag de làithean ― within a few days Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state (triggers lenition) bha mi air bhoil às dèidh dhomh siud fhaicinn ― I was enraged after I saw that bhiomaid air chall nan robh sinn anns a' choille ud ― we'd be lost if we were in that forest thèid mi air chèilidh air mo sheanmhair ― I will visit my grandmother must, have to tha e air ri phàigheadh ― he has to pay (literally, “it is on him to pay”) (in one common phrase) or (triggers lenition) rud air choreigin ― something or other Used with a verbal noun to indicate the perfect tense; after tha mi air an obair a dhèanamh ― I have done the work (literally, “I am after the work its doing”) bha iad uile air falbh sa mhadainn ― they had all left in the morning (literally, “they were all after leaving in the morning”) bhithinn air faighinn às leis ― I would have gotten away with it (literally, “I would be after getting away with it”) however, in spite of, despite air cho fuar 's gum biodh an oidhche, rachainn ann ― however cold the night might be, I would go there ===== Inflection ===== ===== Derived terms ===== air dheireadh (“behind; late”) air sgàth (“for the sake of”) airson (“for”) ==== Pronoun ==== air third-person singular masculine of air: on him, on it === Etymology 2 === Reduced form of thar. ==== Alternative forms ==== ar ==== Preposition ==== air (+ genitive, triggers lenition) form of thar; rarely used outside of the old counting system deich air fhichead ― thirty (literally, “ten over twenty”) a' dol air beinn ― going over a mountain ===== Usage notes ===== The rule that this preposition governs the genitive is inconsistent. ===== Derived terms ===== air fhichead (“twenty-...”) === References === === Further reading === Edward Dwelly (1911), “air”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “air”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[9], Stirling, →ISBN MacLennan, Malcolm (1925), A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant, →OCLC == Veps == === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *airo. === Noun === air oar ==== Declension ==== == Welsh == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ai̯r/ === Noun === air soft mutation of gair === Mutation ===