agrest

== Old Czech == === Alternative forms === agresta === Etymology === Borrowed from Italian agresto (“juice of sour grapes, verjuice”). First attested in the 15th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈaɡrɛst/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈaɡrɛst/ === Noun === agrest m or f verjuice (juice from unripe fruit, esp. from grape wine) ==== Declension ==== or ==== Descendants ==== Czech: angrešt Old Polish: agrest, hrabrestPolish: agrest→ Old Ruthenian: акгрестъ (agrest), а́кгрисъ (ágris)Belarusian: агрэ́ст (ahrést)Ukrainian: а́ґрус (ágrus)→ Middle Russian: а́грестъ (ágrest), а́гростъ (ágrost)Russian: а́грест (ágrest), а́грус (ágrus) (dialectal)Silesian: agrys, agryz, angrys, angryst, hangrys === References === === Further reading === Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “agrest”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění == Old Polish == === Alternative forms === hrabrest === Etymology === Borrowed from Old Czech agrest. First attested in 1472. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /aɡrɛst/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /aɡrɛst/ === Noun === agrest m animacy unattested verjuice (type of sour wine) Synonym: motłoch ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: agrest→ Old Ruthenian: акгрестъ (agrest), а́кгрисъ (ágris)Belarusian: агрэ́ст (ahrést)Ukrainian: а́ґрус (ágrus)→ Middle Russian: а́грестъ (ágrest), а́гростъ (ágrost)Russian: а́грест (ágrest), а́грус (ágrus) (dialectal) Silesian: agrys, agryz, angrys, angryst, hangrys === References === Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “agrest”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language]‎[4] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “agrest”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “agrest”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “agrest, hrabrest”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 21 Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “agrest, hrabrest”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2024), “agrest, hrabrest”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish agrest (“verjuice”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -aɡrɛst Syllabification: a‧grest === Noun === agrest m inan (diminutive (dialectal) angrystek, related adjective agrestowy) European gooseberry, gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) [from 16th c.] chiński agrest ― Chinese gooseberry dziki agrest ― wild gooseberry zielony agrest ― green gooseberry czerwony agrest ― red gooseberry czarny agrest ― black gooseberry krzak agrestu ― a gooseberry bush krzew agrestu ― a gooseberry shrub owoc agrestu ― a gooseberry fruit uprawa agrestu ― gooseberry cultivation/growing/crop/farming liście agrestu ― gooseberry leaves (Middle Polish) verjuice (fine sour wine) [15th–17th c.] ==== Declension ==== Middle Polish: Standard Kurpian: ==== Synonyms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Old Ruthenian: акгрестъ (agrest), а́кгрисъ (ágris)Belarusian: агрэ́ст (ahrést)Ukrainian: а́ґрус (ágrus)→ Middle Russian: а́грестъ (ágrest), а́гростъ (ágrost)Russian: а́грест (ágrest), а́грус (ágrus) (dialectal) === References === === Further reading === Modern Standard Polish: “agrest”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[16] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN “agrest”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[17] (in Polish) Historic dictionaries: Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 14 Dialectal dictionaries: Jan Karłowicz (1900), “agrest”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 6 Henryk Gadomski (2022), “agrest”, in Mirosław Grzyb, Krystyna Łaszczych, Tadeusz Grec, editors, Słownik dialektu kurpiowskiego (in Polish), Ostrołęka: Związek Kurpiów, →ISBN, page 46 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin agrestis or French agreste. === Adjective === agrest m or n (feminine singular agrestă, masculine plural agrești, feminine/neuter plural agreste) rustic ==== Declension ====