agrest

== Old Czech == === Alternative forms === agresta === Etymology === Borrowed from Italian agresto (“juice of sour grapes, verjuice”). First attested in the 15th century. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈaɡrɛst/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈaɡrɛst/ === Noun === agrest m or f verjuice (juice from unripe fruit, esp. from grape wine) ==== Declension ==== or ==== Descendants ==== Czech: angrešt Old Polish: agrest, hrabrestPolish: agrest→ Old Ruthenian: акгрестъ (agrest), а́кгрисъ (ágris)Belarusian: агрэ́ст (ahrést)Ukrainian: а́ґрус (ágrus)→ Middle Russian: а́грестъ (ágrest), а́гростъ (ágrost)Russian: а́грест (ágrest), а́грус (ágrus) (dialectal)Silesian: agrys, agryz, angrys, angryst, hangrys === References === === Further reading === Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “agrest”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění == Old Polish == === Alternative forms === hrabrest === Etymology === Borrowed from Old Czech agrest. First attested in 1472. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /aɡrɛst/ IPA(key): (15th CE) /aɡrɛst/ === Noun === agrest m animacy unattested verjuice (type of sour wine) Synonym: motłoch ==== Declension ==== ==== Descendants ==== Polish: agrest→ Old Ruthenian: акгрестъ (agrest), а́кгрисъ (ágris)Belarusian: агрэ́ст (ahrést)Ukrainian: а́ґрус (ágrus)→ Middle Russian: а́грестъ (ágrest), а́гростъ (ágrost)Russian: а́грест (ágrest), а́грус (ágrus) (dialectal) Silesian: agrys, agryz, angrys, angryst, hangrys === References === Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “agrest”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language]‎[4] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “agrest”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “agrest”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish) K. Nitsch, editor (1953), “agrest, hrabrest”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 21 B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “agrest, hrabrest”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska-Różycka, Magdalena Klapper, Tomasz Kolowca, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Joanna Duska, Maria Bugajska, Jan German, Beata Hejmo, Iwona Nobis, Dariusz Piwowarczyk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, editors (2024), “agrest, hrabrest”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk == Polish == === Etymology === Inherited from Old Polish agrest (“verjuice”). === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -aɡrɛst Syllabification: a‧grest === Noun === agrest m inan (diminutive (dialectal) angrystek, related adjective agrestowy) European gooseberry, gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) [from 16th c.] chiński agrest ― Chinese gooseberry dziki agrest ― wild gooseberry zielony agrest ― green gooseberry czerwony agrest ― red gooseberry czarny agrest ― black gooseberry krzak agrestu ― a gooseberry bush krzew agrestu ― a gooseberry shrub owoc agrestu ― a gooseberry fruit uprawa agrestu ― gooseberry cultivation/growing/crop/farming liście agrestu ― gooseberry leaves (Middle Polish) verjuice (fine sour wine) [15th–17th c.] ==== Declension ==== Middle Polish: ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Synonyms ==== ==== Descendants ==== → Old Ruthenian: акгрестъ (agrest), а́кгрисъ (ágris)Belarusian: агрэ́ст (ahrést)Ukrainian: а́ґрус (ágrus)→ Middle Russian: а́грестъ (ágrest), а́гростъ (ágrost)Russian: а́грест (ágrest), а́грус (ágrus) (dialectal) === References === === Further reading === agrest in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN agrest in Polish dictionaries at PWN agrest in PWN's encyclopedia Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861 J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “agrest”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 14 Jan Karłowicz (1900), “agrest”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 6 == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Latin agrestis or French agreste. === Adjective === agrest m or n (feminine singular agrestă, masculine plural agrești, feminine/neuter plural agreste) rustic ==== Declension ====