after

== English == === Etymology === From Middle English after, from Old English æfter, from Proto-West Germanic *aftar, from Proto-Germanic *after, *aftiri, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), from *h₂epo (“off, away”). Cognate with Scots efter (“after”), North Frisian efter (“after, behind”), West Frisian after, achter, efter (“behind; after”), Low German/Dutch achter (“behind”), German after- (“after-”), Swedish/Danish efter (“after”), Norwegian Nynorsk/Norwegian Bokmål etter (“after”), Icelandic eftir (“after”), aftur (“back, again”). The Irish usage to indicate recent completion of an activity is a calque of the Irish collocation Táim tar éis... (“I have just...”, literally “I am after...”). === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈɑːftə/ (Northern England, other non-rhotic without the trap–bath split) IPA(key): /ˈaftə(ɹ)/ (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈæftəɹ/, [ˈäftɚ] (Canada) (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈɐːftə/ (dialectal, now rare) IPA(key): /ˈætə(ɹ)/, /ˈɑːtə(ɹ)/ Rhymes: -ɑːftə(ɹ), -æftə(ɹ) Hyphenation: af‧ter === Adverb === after (not comparable) Behind; later in time; following. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Preposition === after Subsequently to; following in time; later than. Subsequently to and as a result of. Subsequently to and considering. Subsequently to and in spite of. (often with verbs related to cleaning or tidying) Subsequently to the actions of (someone), in order to remedy a situation. (in reduplicative expressions) Repeatedly, seemingly in a sequence without end. (Ireland, Newfoundland, usually preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity. Behind. In pursuit of, seeking. In allusion to, in imitation of; following or referencing. Below, often next below, in importance or rank. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to. (obsolete) According to (an author or text). (obsolete) According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting. ==== Synonyms ==== post ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === Conjunction === after Signifies that the action of the clause it starts takes place before the action of the other clause. 1991, Donald "Shadow" Rimgale (character), Robert DeNiro (actor), Backdraft So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline? ==== Translations ==== === Adjective === after (dated) Later; second (of two); next, following, subsequent (nautical or aeronautical, where the frame of reference is within the craft) At or towards the stern of a ship or the rear of an aircraft. ==== Usage notes ==== As shown in the examples above, the adverb in this nautical usage is aft and the related preposition is abaft. ==== Derived terms ==== === Noun === after (plural afters) Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference after a specified treatment. Coordinate term: before === Related terms === === References === Hall, Joseph Sargent (2 March 1942), “3. The Consonants”, in The Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4), New York: King's Crown Press, →DOI, →ISBN, § 2, page 88. Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8 “after”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. === Anagrams === aftre, frate, freat, freta, rafte, trafe == German == === Etymology === From Middle High German after, from Old High German after. === Preposition === after [with dative] (chiefly Early New High German) after == Middle Dutch == === Preposition === after (Holland) alternative form of achter === Adverb === after (Holland) alternative form of achter == Middle English == === Alternative forms === aftir, efter, ofter === Etymology === From Old English æfter, efter, from Proto-West Germanic *aftar, from Proto-Germanic *after. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈaftər/, /ˈɛftər/ === Preposition === after after ==== Related terms ==== afterward ==== Descendants ==== English: after Geordie: efter Middle Scots: efter, eftir Scots: after, aifter, efter Yola: after ==== References ==== “after, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Middle High German == === Etymology === Inherited from Old High German after, from Proto-West Germanic *aftar. === Preposition === after (+ dative) after ==== Descendants ==== German: after; After Luxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”) == Old High German == === Alternative forms === aftar, efter === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *aftar, from Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old English æfter, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epóteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈaf.ter/ === Preposition === after (+ dative) after according to, in === Adverb === after behind after back ==== Descendants ==== Middle High German: after; *ahter, *achter German: after; After Luxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”) === References === Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer == Polish == === Etymology === Pseudo-anglicism, derived from after-party. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈaf.tɛr/ Rhymes: -aftɛr Syllabification: af‧ter === Noun === after m inan (slang) after-party Synonyms: afterek, afterka, afterparty Antonyms: bifor, biforek, biforka ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== === Further reading === after in Polish dictionaries at PWN after at Obserwatorium językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego == Portuguese == === Etymology === Pseudo-anglicism, derived from after-party. === Pronunciation === === Noun === after m (plural afters) (informal) after-party (informal) late-night bar == Proto-Norse == === Romanization === after romanization of ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ == Scots == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈafən/ === Etymology 1 === ==== Adjective ==== after comparative degree of aft === Etymology 2 === ==== Adverb ==== after (comparative aftener, superlative aftenest) often, frequently === References === Eagle, Andy, ed. (2016) The Online Scots Dictionary, Scots Online. == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from English after[-party]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈafteɾ/ [ˈaf.t̪eɾ] Rhymes: -afteɾ Syllabification: af‧ter === Noun === after m (plural afters) after-party late-night bar == West Frisian == === Preposition === after alternative form of achter == Yola == === Etymology === From Middle English after, from Old English æfter, from Proto-West Germanic *aftar. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈaft̪ər/ === Preposition === after after === References === Diarmaid Ó Muirithe (1990), “A Modern Glossary of the Dialect of Forth and Bargy”, in lrish University Review‎[2], volume 20, number 1, Edinburgh University Press, page 153