accipiter

== English == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin accipiter (“hawk”). === Pronunciation === (US) IPA(key): /ækˈsɪp.ə.tɚ/ === Noun === accipiter (plural accipiters) (ornithology) Any hawk of the genus Accipiter. (ornithology) Any hawk formerly classified in the genus Accipiter, such as Tachyspiza and Astur. (medicine, surgery) A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== == Latin == === Alternative forms === acceptor (Late Latin) === Etymology === Uncertain. The term parallels other formations in other Indo-European languages, such as Proto-Slavic *àstrę̄bъ, Sanskrit आशुपत्वन् (āśupátvan), and Ancient Greek ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros, “swift-winged”). De Vaan argues that the first part of the compound, ac-, possibly derives from Proto-Indo-European *HéHḱus (“swift, quick”). Alternatively, the philologist Claire Le Feuvre argues that this component probably derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-, whence also acus. The second part of the compound, -piter, possibly derives from earlier *petro- or *petri-, both of which—according to De Vaan—may have meant "wing." This second component is most likely connected to Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out, fly”). De Vaan provides a Proto-Italic pre-form *aku-petris (“having swift/pointed wings”). Based on the comparison with Ancient Greek, Beekes suggests a possible Proto-Indo-European pre-form *HHḱu-petro- (“fast-flying”). According to Nussbaum, the connection with Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón) requires an earlier Latin form *aci-pteri-, which would have evolved into accipiter via anaptyxis. Nussbaum argues that the reconstruction *-petris for the second component is preferable to ensure consistency with Sanskrit पत्र (pátra). Nevertheless, Nussbaum still considers the latter reconstruction problematic, arguing that Plautine accipetrina attests to a continuation of the original vocalism. Instead, Nussbaum opts for a reconstruction *aci-peter- based on a comparison with Hittite pát-tar. The geminate -cc- is perhaps influenced by accipiō (“take, seize”). Alternatively, it has been explained as a development from earlier *āci- via the littera-rule. Though, Nussbaum rejects the second possibility as it would be the only known example in which the littera-rule affected a vowel that was not long -ī- or -ū-. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [akˈkɪ.pɪ.tɛr] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [atˈt͡ʃiː.pi.ter] === Noun === accipiter m (genitive accipitris); third declension hawk, merlin Synonyms: acceptor, astur, falcō, nīsus a rapacious man ==== Declension ==== Third-declension noun. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== (mostly via Vulgar Latin acceptor) === References === “accipiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “accipiter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers “accipiter”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. “accipiter”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 120 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 21 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 191 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 201 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1677-1678 Kanehiro Nishimura (2014), “Vowel Lengthening in the Latin Nominal Lexicon: Innovation and Inheritance”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics‎[1], volume 127, →ISSN, pages 243-244 Nussbaum, Alan (1976), Caland's "Law" and the Caland System‎[2], pages 8-10 Claire Le Feuvre (2011), “Gr. τρυγών ‘1. turtledove; 2. stingray (fish)’: one word or two words?”, in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia (SEC)‎[3], volume 16, number 1, →ISSN, page 29