Pumpernickel

== German == === Etymology === 17th century, from Westphalian Low German Pumpernickel (literally “farting Nicholas”), originally attested in the sense “coarse, clumsy bloke”. From pumpern (“to fart”) + Nickel (diminutive of Nikolaus). The use for the bread alludes to its being coarse-ground and particularly its flatulent effect. It was originally pejorative or at least humorous; the normal Westphalian word is Schwarzbrot (Low German Schwattbraut). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpʊmpərˌnɪkəl/, [ˈpʊm.pɐˌnɪ.kl̩] === Noun === Pumpernickel m or n (strong, genitive Pumpernickels, plural Pumpernickel) a type of sourdough rye bread with a strong, sweetish flavor; coarse, brittle, and dark in color; native to north-western Germany, especially Westphalia Synonym: (north-western Germany) Schwarzbrot ==== Declension ==== ==== Related terms ==== Pimpf Nikolaus, Niklas ==== Descendants ==== → English: pumpernickel === Further reading === “Pumpernickel” in Duden online “Pumpernickel”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[1] (in German)