Peking

== English == === Alternative forms === Pachin, Paquin, Pekin, Pequin (obsolete) === Etymology === c. 1655 romanization of the Nanking court dialect Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 北京 (Běijīng), reinforced by Postal Romanization from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. The early Portuguese and Jesuits such as Francis Xavier used the spelling Paquim; Abraham Ortelius used C. Paquin for his 1572 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas; Italian Jesuit Martino Martini used Peking in his 1654 Latin De Bello Tartarico Historia and 1655 Novus Atlas Sinensis, which were quickly translated into English and later used by Joan Blaeu for his 1665 Atlas Maior. Peter Heylyn's Cosmographie changed its spelling from Paquin in the 1652 edition to Peking in the 1658 edition, but both Pekin and Peking were used interchangeably in English until the Chinese Imperial Post adopted Peking as its official transcription in the 1890s. (Note that Peking is not derived from Wade-Giles romanization- see Pei-ching and Peiching.) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /piːˈkɪŋ/, /peɪ.ˈkɪŋ/ enPR: pēʹkǐngʹ, pāʹkǐngʹ Rhymes: -ɪŋ Hyphenation: Pe‧king === Proper noun === Peking Dated form of Beijing: a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Peking. (metonymic) Dated form of Beijing: the government of the People's Republic of China; the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Peking. ==== Usage notes ==== Cultural terms using Peking such as Peking duck and Peking opera are the standard English language forms. However, as a reference to the city itself, Peking, though common in English into the 1980s, is less common than the pinyin-derived Beijing in standard English and is perceived to be dated or historical. The adjectival form Pekingese is more common than the more recently generated terms Beijingese and Beijinger. ==== Coordinate terms ==== Nanking ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === References === === Further reading === “Peking, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. “Peking”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. “Peking”, in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2026 Medhurst, Walter Henry (1848), English and Chinese Dictionary‎[16], volume 2, Shanghae (Shanghai): Mission Press, →OCLC, page 939 Medhurst, Walter Henry (1842), Chinese and English Dictionary; Containing All the Words in the Chinese Imperial Dictionary, Arranged According to the Radicals‎[17], volume 1, Parapattan, Batavia (Jakarta), page 6 === Anagrams === Keping, keping == Czech == === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈpɛkɪŋk] === Proper noun === Peking m inan (relational adjective pekingský, demonym Pekiňan) Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) ==== Declension ==== === References === === Further reading === “Peking”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957 “Peking”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989 “Peking”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026 == Dutch == === Etymology === Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), specifically the Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, English Peking, French Pékin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpeːkɪŋ/ === Proper noun === Peking n Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) === References === == Finnish == === Alternative forms === Beijing (rare) === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈpekiŋ/, [ˈpe̞k̟iŋ] Rhymes: -ekiŋ Syllabification(key): Pe‧king Hyphenation(key): Pe‧king === Proper noun === Peking Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== === References === == German == === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. Compare Portuguese Pequim, Spanish Pekín, Dutch Peking, English Peking, French Pékin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈpeːkɪŋ] === Proper noun === Peking n (proper noun, genitive Pekings or (optionally with an article) Peking) Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) Synonym: (uncommon) Beijing ==== Usage notes ==== In German, Peking remains the vastly predominant form of the name in all contexts (except perhaps sinologist literature and the like). ==== Derived terms ==== Pekingente === References === === Further reading === “Peking” in Duden online Peking on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de == Hungarian == === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈpɛkiŋɡ] Hyphenation: Pe‧king Rhymes: -iŋɡ === Proper noun === Peking Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) Synonym: Beijing ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== pekingi === References === == Interlingua == === Proper noun === Peking Peking (the former name of Beijing, a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) == Serbo-Croatian == === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pěkinɡ/ Hyphenation: Pe‧king === Proper noun === Pèking m animacy unspecified (Cyrillic spelling Пѐкинг) Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) ==== Declension ==== === References === == Slovak == === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pekink/, [ˈpekiŋk] Rhymes: -ekink Hyphenation: Pe‧king === Proper noun === Peking m inan (genitive singular Pekingu) Beijing, Peking (the capital of China) === References === “Peking”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026 == Slovene == === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /pèːkink/ === Proper noun === Pêking m inan Beijing, Peking (the capital of China) ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ==== Pékinžan / Pékinžanka pékinški === References === “Peking”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran “Peking”, in Termania, Amebis See also the general references == Swedish == === Alternative forms === Beijing (Hanyu Pinyin) === Etymology === Ultimately from the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng) from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. === Proper noun === Peking n (genitive Pekings) Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) (slang, humorous) a nickname for the city of Norrköping === References === === Anagrams === knepig == Tagalog == === Etymology === Borrowed from English Peking, from an old romanization of Nanking court dialect Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng), reinforced by Postal Romanization from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ]. Compare Spanish Pekín, Portuguese Pequim. === Pronunciation === (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈpekiŋ/ [ˈpɛː.xɪŋ] Rhymes: -ekiŋ Syllabification: Pe‧king === Proper noun === Peking (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜃᜒᜅ᜔) Beijing, Peking (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) === References === === Further reading === “Peking”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018 Medhurst, Walter Henry (1848), English and Chinese Dictionary‎[19], volume 2, Shanghae (Shanghai): Mission Press, →OCLC, page 939 Medhurst, Walter Henry (1842), Chinese and English Dictionary; Containing All the Words in the Chinese Imperial Dictionary, Arranged According to the Radicals‎[20], volume 1, Parapattan, Batavia (Jakarta), page 6