Mangkasaraʼ

== Makasar == === Etymology === Affixed maN- +‎ kasaraʼ (“rough; appear, manifest”). Cognate with Buginese Mangkasa', Toraja-Sa'dan Makkasa', Manggasa', Mandar Ma'asar, Malay Mengkasar (obsolete). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /maŋˈkasaraʔ/, [mãŋ.ˈkʰa.sa.raʔ] === Proper noun === Mangkasaraʼ (Lontara spelling ᨆᨀᨔᨑ) Makasar land, ethnic and Makasar-speaking area. Lanaikaʼ ri Mangkasaraʼ ― I'm going to the Makasar (land) Butta Mangkasaraʼ ― Makasar land (modern) Makassar (a city in South Sulawesi, Indonesia) Synonym: Jumpandang (historical) === Adjective === Mangkasaraʼ (Lontara spelling ᨆᨀᨔᨑ) relating to the Makasar ethnic group or their language. TuMangkasaraʼ ― Makasar Peoples Aʼbicara Mangkasaraʼ ― Speak Makasar (modern) of or relating to the city of Makassar or Makasar land. unshaven, clumsy, rude, boorish. Mangkasaraʼ tojengko ― How rude you are (e.g. when speaking) ==== Affixations ==== ==== Compounds ==== === Descendants === → Buginese: Mangkasa' →? Cantonese: 望加錫 / 望加锡 (mong6 gaa1 sek3) → Dhuwal: Maŋgatharra → Iwaidja: Mangkadjarra → Malay: Mengkasar> Indonesian: Mengkasar (inherited)→? Chinese: 望加錫 / 望加锡 (Wàngjiāxī)→ Portuguese: Macáçar→ Dutch: Makassar, Makasar→ Indonesian: Makassar→ English: Macassar, Makasar, Makassar → Javanese: ꦩꦁꦏꦱꦂ (mangkasar) → Indonesian: Mangkasar → Mandar: Ma'asar → Maung: Mangkajarra → Toraja-Sa'dan: Manggasa', Makkasa' === Further reading === A. A. Cense (2024), Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek‎[1], Brill, →DOI