Londinium

== English == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from Latin Londinium. Doublet of London. === Pronunciation === (UK) IPA(key): /lʌnˈdɪn.ɪ.əm/ (US) IPA(key): /lʌnˈdɪn.i.əm/ === Proper noun === Londinium (historical) A city in Britannia, Roman Empire: An ancient settlement in the area of modern London. (poetic) Synonym of modern London: A city in England, United Kingdom. === References === == Latin == === Alternative forms === Lundinium, Londonium, Lundonium, Londonum, Londinum (Late and Medieval Latin) Lundonia, Londonia, Lundoniae (Medieval Latin, as sg. or pl.) === Etymology === Uncertain, but likely from Proto-Celtic *Londinyom (“place that floods”), from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“heath; wild land”) + *-injo-, a suffix forming specific nouns and found in other Romano-Celtic placenames. Cognate to Proto-Celtic *landā (“low-lying land”), whence Old Irish land, Welsh llan, as well as *londos (“subduing > fierce”, adj.), whence Old Irish lond. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ɫɔnˈdɪ.ni.ũː] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [lonˈdiː.ni.um] Note: the length of the medial /i/ is unattested, but is likely to have been short. === Proper noun === Londinium n sg (genitive Londiniī or Londinī); second declension (Classical Latin) Londinium (a city in Britannia, Roman Empire; modern London) (Medieval Latin, New Latin) London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England) ==== Declension ==== Second-declension noun (neuter), with locative, singular only. 1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age). ==== Derived terms ==== Londiniēnsis ==== Descendants ==== → Ancient Greek: Λονδίνιον (Londínion) → Old English: LundenMiddle English: Londene, Lundene⇒ Middle English: Londoun (modified after Medieval Latin Lundōnia)English: London→ Chinese: 倫敦 / 伦敦 (Lúndūn)→ Norwegian Bokmål: LondonScots: Lunnon→ Old Norse: LundúnaIcelandic: Lundúna→ Medieval Latin: Lundōnia→? Old French: Londres, LondrezMiddle French: LondresFrench: Londres (see there for further descendants)→ Old Galician-Portuguese: LondresGalician: LondresPortuguese: Londres→ Old Spanish: Londres → English: Londinium → German: London Sicilian: Lògnina, Lònnira === References === === Further reading === “Londinium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “Londinium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.