Caesar

== English == === Alternative forms === Cæsar (archaic) Cesar (obsolete) === Etymology === From Latin Caesar. Displaced Old English cāsere, which would have yielded *caser, *coser, and Middle English keiser, kaiser, from Old Norse and continental Germanic languages. All ultimately from the same Latin root. (See also Kaiser and tsar.) === Pronunciation === (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈsiːzə/; (Latinate) /ˈkaɪ.zə/, /ˈkaɪ.sɑː/ (General American) IPA(key): /ˈsizəɹ/; (Latinate) /ˈkaɪ.zəɹ/, /ˈkaɪ.sɑɹ/ Rhymes: -iːzə(ɹ), -aɪzə(ɹ), -aɪsɑː(ɹ) Homophones: seizer; (Latinate) Kaiser === Proper noun === Caesar (plural Caesars or Caesares) An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar. (figuratively) The government; society; earthly powers. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== czar, tsar, tzar kaiser caesar Ceasar, Casar, Cesar, Cæsar, Cesare Caesarean ==== Translations ==== === Noun === Caesar (plural Caesars or (title) Caesares) A title of Roman emperors. An absolute ruler; an autocrat. Abbreviation of Caesar salad. (Canada) A Caesar cocktail. (medicine, colloquial) Clipping of Caesarean section. ==== Alternative forms ==== caesar ==== Derived terms ==== Caesarism Caesarize Caesarship ==== Translations ==== === References === === Anagrams === Ceasar, acrase, araces, arecas, resaca, sacrae == Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈt͡sɛːzar] === Proper noun === Caesar m anim (relational adjective Caesarův) Caesar (ancient Roman family name) ==== Declension ==== == Finnish == === Etymology === Learned borrowing from Latin Caesar === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈkeːsːɑr/, [ˈk̟e̞ːs̠ːɑ̝r] Rhymes: -eːsːɑr === Proper noun === Caesar Caesar (Roman cognomen) ==== Declension ==== == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ˈt͡sɛːzaʁ] (standard; used naturally in western Germany and Switzerland) IPA(key): [ˈt͡seːzaʁ] (overall more common; particularly northern and eastern regions) Hyphenation: Cae‧sar === Noun === Caesar m (weak, genitive Caesaren, plural Caesaren) alternative spelling of Cäsar ==== Declension ==== === Further reading === “Caesar” in Duden online “Caesar”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎[5] (in German) == Latin == === Alternative forms === CAES === Etymology === Unknown; the etymology was subject to many interpretations in antiquity, all of which remain doubtful. Among these are: From a Punic word for “elephant”. This etymology was endorsed by Julius Caesar himself, thereby following the claims of his family that they inherited the cognomen from an ancestor, who had received the name after killing an elephant, possibly during the first Punic war. From the phrase a caesiis oculis ("because of the blue eyes"): Caesar's eyes were black, but since the despotic dictator Sulla had had blue eyes, this interpretation might have been created as part of the anti-Caesarian propaganda in order to present Caesar as a tyrant. From the phrase a caesariē ("because of the hair"): Since Caesar was balding, this interpretation might have been part of the anti-Caesarian mockery. From the phrase a caeso matris utero ("born by Caesarean section"): In theory this might go back to an unknown Julian ancestor who was born in this way. On the other hand, it could also have been part of the anti-Caesarian propaganda. From the verb caedō (“to cut”) (supine caesum), in the argument of the Julians for receiving a sodality of the Lupercalia. The praenomen Kaeso (or Caeso) was best known from the Quinctii and the Fabii, possibly derived from their ritual duty of striking with the goat-skin at the luperci Quinctiales and the luperci Fabiani. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈkae̯.sar] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.s̬ar] Hyphenation: Cae‧sar === Proper noun === Caesar m (genitive Caesaris); third declension a Roman cognomen of the gens Iulia, notably that of Gaius Iulius Caesar, subsequently used as an imperial title. ==== Declension ==== Third-declension noun. ==== Descendants ==== === References === “Caesar”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press “Caesar”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette. Caesar in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[6], pre-publication website, 2005-2016 == Swedish == === Alternative forms === Cesar === Proper noun === Caesar c (genitive Caesars) a male given name from Latin Caesar, of rare usage Roman cognomen, especially referring to Gaius Julius Caesar