Beijing

== English == === Alternative forms === Peking (dated) Pei-ching, Peiching (uncommon, Wade–Giles) Pekin, Pachin, Paquin, Pequin (obsolete) === Etymology === c. 1958, borrowed from Hanyu Pinyin Běijīng, romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 北京 (Běijīng, literally “northern capital”). The name Beijing was to distinguish the city from Nanjing to the south, and first applied informally during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, who preferred to rule from Beijing but was obliged to treat Nanjing as a secondary capital by the dynastic injunctions of his father the Hongwu Emperor. The name continued a practice of several preceding dynasties—especially those of nomadic conquerers from the north such as the Jin and Liao—of maintaining a number of separate capitals designated by their cardinal directions. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /beɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/, /ˌbeɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ (hyperforeign) IPA(key): /beɪˈʒɪŋ/, /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ enPR: bā′jĭng′ Hyphenation: Bei‧jing Rhymes: -ɪŋ === Proper noun === Beijing A direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China. [from c. 1958] For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Beijing. (metonymic) The government of the People's Republic of China. [from late 20th c.] Synonym: Zhongnanhai For more quotations using this term, see Citations:Beijing. ==== Usage notes ==== Rarely used until 1979. Can appear as Běijīng in English-language texts with code-switching. Note that cultural terms such as Peking duck, Pekingese, Peking opera and Peking University usually still occur with Peking, though Beijing is sometimes still used: compare Beijing duck, Beijingese and Beijing opera etc. ==== Synonyms ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Translations ==== === See also === === References === === Further reading === “Beijing”, in Collins English Dictionary. “Beijing, Peking, Pei-ching, Peiching”, in Google Books Ngram Viewer. “Beijing, pn.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. “Beijing”, in OneLook Dictionary Search. “Beijing”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. “Beijing”, in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2026 Saul B. Cohen, editor (2008), “Beijing”, in The Columbia Gazetteer of the World‎[18], 2nd edition, volume 1, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 359-360 == Asturian == === Proper noun === Beijing ? alternative form of Beixín == Central Huasteca Nahuatl == === Proper noun === Beijing Beijing (the capital city of China) == Finnish == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbei̯jiŋ/, [ˈbe̞i̯j(ː)iŋ] Rhymes: -eijiŋ Syllabification(key): Bei‧jing Hyphenation(key): Bei‧jing === Proper noun === Beijing (rare) alternative form of Peking ==== Declension ==== == French == === Etymology === Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng). Doublet of Pékin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /be.dʒiŋ/ === Proper noun === Beijing ? (chiefly North America) synonym of Pékin == German == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈbeɪ̯dʒɪŋ/ Hyphenation: Bei‧jing === Proper noun === Beijing n (proper noun, genitive Beijings or (optionally with an article) Beijing) (uncommon) synonym of Peking === Further reading === “Beijing” in Duden online “Beijing, Peking”, in Google Books Ngram Viewer. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Alternative forms === Peking (“Peking”) === Etymology === From Mandarin Chinese 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”), first part from 北 (“northern”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bə(q) (“to carry (on back), shoulder”). Last part from 京 (jīng, “capital”), either from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”), or of Austroasiatic origin. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /bæjˈdʒɪŋ/ Rhymes: -ɪŋ Hyphenation: Bei‧jing === Proper noun === Beijing Beijing (the capital city of China) Historisk har Beijing først og fremst vært et sentrum for administrasjon, kultur og åndsliv. Historically, Beijing has primarily been a center of administration, culture and intellectual life. ==== Derived terms ==== beijinger (“Beijinger”) beijingsk (“Beijingese”) === References === “Beijing” in Store norske leksikon == Portuguese == === Etymology === Unadapted borrowing from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng). Doublet of Pequim. === Proper noun === Beijing ? synonym of Pequim == Romanian == === Etymology === Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [bejˈʒiŋ], [bejˈʒiŋɡ] === Proper noun === Beijing n Beijing (a direct-administered municipality, the capital city of China) ==== Declension ==== == Spanish == === Etymology === Borrowed from Mandarin 北京 (Běijīng). Doublet of Pekín. === Pronunciation === Rhymes: -in Syllabification: Bei‧jing === Proper noun === Beijing ? synonym of Pekín