Bắc Kì

== Vietnamese == === Alternative forms === Bắc Kỳ Bắc-kỳ === Etymology === Sino-Vietnamese word from 北圻. Attested as early as in 1830. The administrative division was created in 1834; the French protectorate was established in 1883. === Pronunciation === (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓak̚˧˦ ki˨˩] (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓak̚˦˧˥ kɪj˦˩] (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʔɓak̚˦˥ kɪj˨˩] === Proper noun === Bắc Kì (history) one of the administrative division of Đại Nam Near-synonym: Bắc Bộ (history) Tonkin, French protectorate of Tonkin === Adjective === Bắc Kì (historical) Tonkinese (pertaining to the French protectorate of Tonkin) (derogatory, offensive) Northern Vietnamese ==== Usage notes ==== Outside of Vietnamese historiographical context, this term is commonly used by Southern Vietnamese supremacists (thượng đẳng) or chauvinists (sô-vanh), oftentimes due to cultural divides or perceived stereotypes. It may be interpreted as an anti-communist dog whistle, chiefly used by sympathizers of the former Republic of Vietnam, who are mostly Southerners, in some circles. ==== Coordinate terms ==== === References ===