-tura

== Italian == === Alternative forms === -atura === Etymology === From Latin -tūra. === Suffix === -tura -ing; -tion; -ure added to form nouns of mass or collection ‎attrezzo (“tool”) + ‎-tura → ‎attrezzatura (“equipment”) ‎fogna (“sewer”) + ‎-tura → ‎fognatura (“sewage system”) ‎magistrato (“magistrate”) + ‎-tura → ‎magistratura (“magistracy”) added to verbs form nouns relating to their action ‎fiorire (“to flower”) + ‎-tura → ‎fioritura (“flowering, blooming”) ‎potare (“to prune”) + ‎-tura → ‎potatura (“pruning”) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== -zione === Anagrams === Artù, Ruta, Traù, ruta, urta == Latin == === Alternative forms === -sūra === Etymology === Somewhat uncertain, but appears to be from Proto-Indo-European *-tew- + *-r-eh₂. Note however that some cases are built on agentives in -tōr: e.g. cēnsūra, gladiātūra. Resemblance to the future active participle -tūrus and archaic infinitive -tūrum is evidently accidental, though substantivizations like futūrus may have reinforced the use of -tūra. Productive in earlier Latin but gradually overtaken by -tiō. === Pronunciation === (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈtuː.ra] (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈtuː.ra] === Suffix === -tūra f (genitive -tūrae); first declension Used to form action nouns expressing concrete results as well as activities: -ing, -ure, -work Synonyms: -tiō, -tus ‎pingō, pingere, pīnxī, pī̆ctum (“to paint”) + ‎-tūra → ‎pictūra (“painting, picture”) ‎scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (“to write”) + ‎-tūra → ‎scrīptūra (“a writing, act of writing”) ==== Usage notes ==== This suffix is one of many (including -tus, -tor, -tiō, -tim, -tō, -tūra) that all use the same verb stem as the supine, perfect passive participle, and/or future active participle, found in the verb's fourth principal part. This stem is conventionally considered to end in -t- (or for some verbs, -s-), which would imply analyzing the suffixes as -us, -or, -io, -im, etc. However, from an etymological perspective it is more accurate to identify -t-/-s- as the initial consonant of these suffixes. Most 1st conjugation verbs attach -t- after the theme vowel -ā-: e.g. amō, amātor, but a few form this principal part differently: e.g. secō > sectiō. Similarly, many 4th conjugation verbs use -ī-t-, but some use other formations, e.g. saliō > saltō. 2nd conjugation verbs are less consistent. Many use -i-t- (moneō, monitor); some attach -t- after the final consonant of the root (doceō > doctor); a considerable number lack this principal part. Monosyllabic stems use -ē-t-: ex-pleō (stem plē-) > explētiō. Many 3rd conjugation verbs (and some 1st, 2nd and 4th) attach -t- directly after a consonant, which can cause complex changes. When -t- is placed after -t- or -d-, the consonants merge to -ss- (simplified to -s- if not preceded by short vowel): metō > messor, caedo > caesūra. Occasionally -s- is used after other consonants: curro > cursim, mergo > mersō. Before -t-, -b- -g- are regularly devoiced to -p- -c-: scrībō > scrīptor; frīgō > frīctus. The addition of -t- can be accompanied by various other changes, including vowel shortening, vowel lengthening, consonant insertion, or consonant deletion; see -tus for more information. ==== Declension ==== First-declension noun. ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== -ūra ==== Descendants ==== === References ===