-tsi

== Estonian == === Alternative forms === -itsi === Etymology === From Proto-Finnic *-cci. Cognate with Finnish -tse. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈ-tsi/, [ˈ-tsʲi] Rhymes: -tsi Hyphenation: -tsi === Suffix === -tsi by, through, via; the suffix of the obsolete prolative case, indicating: route, path by which sth/sb travels. ‎meri (“sea”) + ‎-tsi → ‎meritsi (“by sea”) ‎jää (“ice”) + ‎-tsi → ‎jäitsi (“by ice”) ‎maa (“land”) + ‎-tsi → ‎maitsi (“by land”) ‎õhk (“air”) + ‎-tsi → ‎õhutsi (“by air”) Synonyms: mööda, kaudu, pidi means using which sth is done. ‎telefon (“phone”) + ‎-tsi → ‎telefonitsi (“by phone”) ‎meil (“email”) + ‎-tsi → ‎meilitsi (“by, via email”) ‎käsi (“hand”) + ‎-tsi → ‎käsitsi (“by hand, manually”) (this is probably the most common example of this suffix being used in everyday speech) ‎sõna (“word”) + ‎-tsi → ‎sõnutsi (“according to (the words of sb)”) Synonyms: (comitative case suffix) -ga, abil, teel way by which sth is done. ‎omavoli (“arbitrariness, maladministration”) + ‎-tsi → ‎omavolitsi (“arbitrarily”) ‎viha (“anger, rage”) + ‎-tsi → ‎vihatsi (“angrily”) position in which two or more people are standing (only from some body parts): X to X. ‎selg (“back”) + ‎-tsi → ‎selitsi (“back to back”) ‎külg (“side”) + ‎-tsi → ‎külitsi (“side by side”) ‎rind (“chest”) + ‎-tsi → ‎rinnutsi (“chest to chest, abreast”) ‎karv (“(body) hair”) + ‎-tsi → ‎karvutsi (“hair to hair”) ‎silm (“eye”) + ‎-tsi → ‎silmitsi (“eye to eye”) (this is also one of the most common examples of this suffix being used in everyday speech) ‎nägu (“face”) + ‎-tsi → ‎näotsi (“face to face”) Synonym: (only some of them, like "selg", "külg" and "rind") -kuti ==== Usage notes ==== Most grammars don't treat the prolative as a separate grammatical case, as it cannot be derived from just any nominal. The prolative suffix can only be appended to nouns, and usually occur only in set phrases, demonstrated in the usage examples above. Therefore, it is considered an adverbial suffix. This suffix appends to the plural stem of the word. ==== Derived terms ==== == Finnish == === Etymology === As with many slang suffixes, there are probably multiple origins. The main origin is probably -tsa +‎ -i, but another influence would be loanwords ending in -si. === Suffix === -tsi (slang) Slang suffix, generally for nouns (with clipping). ==== Derived terms ==== == Navajo == === Stem === -tsi Verbal stem occurring in the following root, aspect, and mode combinations: