-ling

== English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /lɪŋ/ === Etymology 1 === From Middle English -ling, from Old English -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-lingaz, a nominal suffix, probably composed of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (agent/instrumental/diminutive suffix) + Proto-Germanic *-ingaz (patronymic suffix). Akin to Dutch -ling, German -ling, Icelandic -lingur, Gothic -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (-liggs). More at -le, -ing. ==== Alternative forms ==== -lyng (obsolete) -lin (dialectal) ==== Suffix ==== -ling small, immature, miniature Synonyms: (suffixes) -cule, -ee, -el, -et, -ette, -icle, -ie, -kin, -le, -let, -ole, -ule, -y, (prefixes) mini-, micro-, nano- follower or resident ===== Usage notes ===== Words ending in -ing derived from a root or stem terminating in -l or -le, such as dazzling, have usually only an accidental resemblance, although sometimes there is a connection, as in sidling, which derives from Middle English in this form, and which is also a present participle form of the modern English verb to sidle, which in itself is a back-formation from sidling. ===== Derived terms ===== (Diminutive): (Quality): ===== Translations ===== === Etymology 2 === From Middle English -ling, from Old English -ling, -linga, -lunga (adverbial suffix). Compare -long. ==== Alternative forms ==== -lings -lin (dialectal) ==== Suffix ==== -ling (no longer productive) An adverbial suffix denoting manner, direction, or position. ===== Derived terms ===== === See also === -en -le -ock === References === “-ling” in Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary: Based on Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, 7th edition, Springfield, Mass.: G[eorge] & C[harles] Merriam, 1963 (1967 printing), →OCLC. === Anagrams === lign- == Danish == === Etymology === A variant of -ing. === Suffix === -ling c a diminutive (denotes a younger person who is considered small, cute, immature, etc.) a diminutive (denotes a person who is considered inferior, despicable, etc.) a diminutive (denotes each of a given number of siblings born at the same birth) ==== Declension ==== === References === “-ling” in Den Danske Ordbog == Dutch == === Etymology === From a rebracketing of nouns with an -ing suffix. See above (English). === Suffix === -ling m a suffix that describes a person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added ==== Derived terms ==== -lings - adverbs -linge f == German == === Etymology === From Middle High German -linc, from Old High German -ling, from Proto-West Germanic *-ling. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [lɪŋ] === Suffix === -ling m (genitive -linges or -lings, plural -linge) Indicates possession of or connection with a quality or property, such as Schwächling (“weakling”) from schwach (“weak”) or Frühling (“the season Spring [which comes early]”) from früh (“early”). A modifier of nouns, meaning a follower or resident of what is denoted by the stem form, such as Häftling from Haft. Suffix forming the names of many mushrooms. ==== Derived terms ==== == Icelandic == === Suffix === -ling indefinite accusative singular of -lingur == Middle English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /-linɡ/ === Etymology 1 === From Old English -ling (nominal suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz; equivalent to -el +‎ -yng. ==== Alternative forms ==== -linge, -lingge, -lyng, -lynge ==== Suffix ==== -ling suffix used in forming personal nouns suffix forming diminutives ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== English: -ling Scots: -ling, -lin Yola: -leen ===== References ===== “-ling, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. === Etymology 2 === From Old English -ling (adverbial suffix). ==== Suffix ==== -ling An adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position. ===== Descendants ===== English: -ling, -long (as in headlong) ===== References ===== “-ling(e, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007. == Norwegian Bokmål == === Etymology === From German -ling. === Suffix === -ling denoting diminutive == Old English == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /linɡ/, [liŋɡ] === Etymology 1 === From alteration of suffixal use of Old English lang (“long”). ==== Suffix ==== -ling adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position hinderling ― backwards ===== Descendants ===== Middle English: -lingEnglish: -ling, -long (as in headlong) === Etymology 2 === From Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz. ==== Alternative forms ==== -linc ==== Suffix ==== -ling m suffix used in forming personal nouns dīerling ― favorite, darling rǣpling ― prisoner suffix forming diminutives stærling ― starling dynasty, lineage Icling ("dynasty of Icel" or "House of Icel"); Ætheling (House of Ethel) ===== Declension ===== Strong a-stem: ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Middle English: -ling English: -ling == Swedish == === Suffix === -ling (no longer productive) diminutive suffix ==== Derived terms ==== ==== See also ==== -ing