-jai

== Hungarian == === Etymology === -ja (possessive suffix) +‎ -i (possessive plural) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [jɒji] === Suffix === -jai possessive suffix for multiple possessions: (with no noun for possessor) his, her, its ……-s (third-person singular; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) being optional for emphasis) pad (“bench”) → a padjai (“his/her/its benches”), az ő padjai (“his/her benches”) zokni (“socks”) → a zoknijai (“his/her/its socks”), az ő zoknijai (“his/her socks”) (with no noun for possessor, formal) your ……-s (second-person singular, grammatically resembling the third person sg.) pad (“bench”) → a padjai (“your [formal] benches”), az ön padjai, a maga padjai (“your [formal] benches”) construed with a noun or certain pronouns as the possessor: ……’s ……-s, ……-s of …… (third-person sg. or pl., depending on the noun or pronoun) az ember(nek a) padjai ― the person’s benches a gyerek(nek a) zoknijai ― the child’s socks az emberek(nek a) padjai ― the people’s benches a gyerekek(nek a) zoknijai ― the children’s socks az önök padjai, a maguk padjai ― your (plural, formal) benches azok(nak a) padjai ― the benches of those ki(k)nek a zoknijai? ― whose socks? ==== Usage notes ==== (possessive suffix) Variants: -i is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-; final -e changes to -é-. The latter feature distinguishes it from the -i (adjective-forming suffix), which does not lengthen the preceding -a/-e. -ai is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant -ei is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant -jai is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i -jei is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i If the possessed noun is in the plural and the possessor is expressed in English with a possessive pronoun only (rather than a noun), e.g. “their toys” (as opposed to “the children’s toys”), the -ik/-aik/-eik/-jaik/-jeik suffixes are required in Hungarian. === See also === Category:Hungarian noun forms Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes == Ye'kwana == === Alternative forms === i- -jai (allomorph) === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [-haj] === Suffix === -jai forms abilitative adverbs from transitive and intransitive verbs, with a meaning of ‘able to X’ ==== Usage notes ==== This suffix can cause syllable reduction. When this suffix is attached to intransitive verb stems, they do not bear person markers or the intransitive prefix w-. Consonant-initial stems experience palatalization of their initial consonants, and, if a stem begins with two consonants, this suffix takes the form of a circumfix i- -jai instead of its ordinary shape. However, when this suffix derives an adverb from a transitive verb, it carries a series I person marker referring to the object/patient of the verb. Rather than the usual adverbial plural suffix -nñe, adverbs derived with this suffix take the nominal plural suffix -komo. They still take the usual adverbial negative suffix -'da, however. ==== Derived terms ==== === References === Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-jai”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[1], Lyon, pages 153–154, 199–200, 248–251