-isha

== Swahili == === Alternative forms === -lisha/-lesha === Etymology === Uncertain. Nurse & Hinnebusch mention that correspondences of this suffix within the Sabaki languages are not regular. This implies it was a local innovation, and similar suffixes in other Bantu languages (Chichewa -itsa/-etsa, Yao (Africa) -isya/-esya, Rwanda-Rundi -īsha/-ēsha) are not cognate, but may be parallel developments. Still according to Nurse & Hunnebusch, this suffix originated from a causative (with -ya) of the stative (-ik-/-ek-), with spirantization of the -k- to -sh-. === Suffix === -isha (mid vowel harmony variant -esha) causative suffix (added to a verb) to cause to, to make Near-synonyms: -ya, -iza/-eza ‎-la (“to eat”) + ‎-isha → ‎-lisha (“to feed”) ‎-weza (“to be able”) + ‎-esha → ‎-wezesha (“to enable”) (added to an adjective) to cause to become, to make ‎imara (“strong”) + ‎-isha → ‎-imarisha (“to strengthen”) (added to a noun) to give a characteristic of, to turn into ‎sababu (“cause”) + ‎-isha → ‎-sababisha (“to cause”) ‎orodha (“list”) + ‎-esha → ‎-orodhesha (“to list”) ==== Derived terms ==== Swahili causative verbs === References ===