-enne

== French == === Etymology === Inherited from Latin -āna. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ɛn/ === Suffix === -enne f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ennes) female equivalent of -en (noun) ‎Italien (“Italian”, noun) → ‎Italienne f ‎végétarien (“vegetarian”, noun) → ‎végétarienne f === Suffix === -enne f (non-lemma form of adjective-forming suffix) feminine singular of -en (adjective) ‎italien (“Italian”, adjective) → ‎italienne f ‎végétarien (“vegetarian”, adjective) → ‎végétarienne f ‎moyen (“average, middle”, adjective) → ‎moyenne f ‎européen (“European”, adjective) → ‎européenne f === Derived terms === == Italian == === Etymology === From Latin -ennis (like in biennis, triennis), derived from annus (“year”). === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈɛn.ne/ Rhymes: -ɛnne Hyphenation: -èn‧ne === Suffix === -enne m or f by sense (adjective-forming suffix, plural -enni) -enne m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -enni) -year-old also forms similar terms related to age ==== Derived terms ==== == Old English == === Alternative forms === -anne, -onne -ienne, -ianne (used with Class II weak verbs) -annae — early Mercian; -ene, -ane — late Old English === Etymology === Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-annjē, dative inflection of the infinitive -an; equivalent to -an + -e === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈen.ne/ === Suffix === -enne Forms the inflected infinitive of verbs. ==== Usage notes ==== The inflected infinitive is preceded by the preposition tō. On contracted verbs, this ending reduced to just -ne: fōnne, hōnne, tēonne. The form -anne was very common; this is traditionally taken as influence from the uninflected infinitive -an, but Versloot suggests that since -anne was attested earlier, it must have been original and i-umlaut therefore did not apply in the context of *-annjē. It is also possible that -enne reflects a reduction of -anne, but -anne, -annae is in turn a levelling of a prehistoric *-ennǣ. This suffix was used with Class I weak verbs and strong verbs; Class II weak verbs used the related -ienne and -ianne. ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: -ene, -ende (mostly early) ==== See also ==== === Further reading === Bosworth, Joseph (1898), Thomas Northcote Toller, editor, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, s.v. “-enne”, page 252/1 Versloot, Arjen P. (18 April 2024), “The Old English gerund in ‑enne or ‑anne”, in North-Western European Language Evolution (NOWELE), volume 77, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 14-22