-cian

== Old English == === Alternative forms === -ecian, -ician, *-ycian === Etymology === From Proto-West Germanic *-ukōn, *-ikōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ukōną, *-ikōną. Cognate with Old Frisian -kia, Old Saxon -akōn, Old High German -ichōn, Old Norse -ka. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ˈki.ɑn/ === Suffix === -cian suffix applied to verbs and deverbal nouns to form other verbs with an intensive or frequentative force ==== Usage notes ==== Occasionally triggers i-mutation in the verb stem. ==== Conjugation ==== ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Descendants ==== Middle English: -ken, -keEnglish: -k, (dialectal) -ock⇒ English: jummock (“to jolt, work up and down”) (dialectal)Scots: -k