-ština

== Czech == === Pronunciation === IPA(key): [ ʃcɪna] === Suffix === -ština f (noun-forming suffix) -ese, -ic, -an, -ish (a language or dialect) ==== Derived terms ==== ==== Related terms ==== See also Category:cs:Languages ==== See also ==== -čtina == Serbo-Croatian == === Pronunciation === Does not take stress. The stress falls on the antepenultimate syllable of the derived word, and the accent is always long rising. === Suffix === -ština (Cyrillic spelling -штина) Appended to noun and adjective roots to create an uncountable feminine noun. ‎zbȋr + ‎-ština → ‎zbírština ‎némati + ‎-ština → ‎nemáština ‎nȅpodoban + ‎-ština → ‎nepodóbština ‎pȍtreba + ‎-ština → ‎potrépština ‎pȑljav + ‎-ština → ‎prljávština Appended to ethnonyms, oikonyms and similar nouns to create an uncountable feminine noun denoting the language / dialect / vernacular and/or ways of said group. ‎Žìdov + ‎-ština → ‎židóvština ‎Làtīn + ‎-ština → ‎latínština ‎Talìjān + ‎-ština → ‎talijánština ‎kàjkavac + ‎-ština → ‎kajkávština ‎grȁđanin + ‎-ština → ‎građánština ‎Sàrajevo + ‎-ština → ‎sarajévština Appended to Istrian and some Slavonian placenames to create an uncountable feminine noun denoting the geographical microregion. ‎Gròžnjān + ‎-ština → ‎Grožnjánština ‎Žmȋnj + ‎-ština → ‎Žmínjština ‎Làbīn + ‎-ština → ‎Labínština ‎Mȍtovūn + ‎-ština → ‎Motovúnština ‎Ròvīnj + ‎-ština → ‎Rovínjština ‎Ðȁkovo + ‎-ština → ‎Đakóvština ==== Derived terms ==== == Slovak == === Alternative forms === -čina, -čtina === Etymology === From -ský + -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ + Proto-Slavic *-ina. === Pronunciation === IPA(key): /ʃcina/, [ʃcina] Hyphenation: -šti‧na === Suffix === -ština f suffix used to form the names of languages or dialects from adjectives ending in -ský ‎ruský (“Russian (adj.)”) + ‎-ština → ‎ruština (“Russian (lang.)”) ‎francúzsky (“French (adj.)”) + ‎-ština → ‎francúzština (“French (lang.)”) ‎čínsky (“Chinese (adj.)”) + ‎-ština → ‎čínština (“Chinese (lang.)”) ==== Usage notes ==== In Slovak, language names are derived from adjectives ending in -ský or -cký. The choice between the suffixes -čina, -ština, and -čtina depends on the phonetic environment of the stem: Stems with -ský (where -s- is not part of the stem): The entire -ský ending is typically replaced by -čina. Examples: slovenský → slovenčina; taliansky → taliančina. Exceptions: čínsky and poľský take -ština (čínština, poľština). Stems with -ský (where -s- is merged with the stem, either in writing or in pronunciation): When the stem ends in a sibilant (s, z, š, ž) or when the -s- of the suffix is merged with a root sibilant, the ending is replaced by -ština. Examples: ruský (< rus-ský) → ruština (< rus-ština), francúzsky → francúzština; lotyšský → lotyština (the double -šš- merges into one -š-). Stems with -cký: The adjectival cluster -ck- (< -csk-) shifts to -čť- (< -cšť-) and the resulting suffix is -čtina. Examples: grécky (< gréc-sky) → gréčtina (< gréc-ština); turecký → turečtina. Exception: nemecký → nemčina. ==== Declension ==== ==== Derived terms ====