ḥr

== Egyptian == === Etymology 1 === Possibly cognate with Proto-Semitic *ʕalay-; compare Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā, “on, over”), Hebrew עַל (ʿal, “on”), Aramaic עַל (ʿal, “on”). If so, perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *x̣al. However, some authors consider such a correspondence irregular. ==== Pronunciation ==== (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /hɛr/ Conventional anglicization: her ==== Noun ==== m face (of a person or animal) facial expression sight, scope of vision front surface (of a building, door, etc.) bow (of a ship) ===== Inflection ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Demotic Egyptian: ḥr Coptic: ϩⲟ (ho), ϩⲁ (ha), ϩⲱ (hō) ==== Preposition ==== upon, on, on top of onto, on (with motion) in, on (a vehicle, boat, etc.) at, in (a place) to, upon (a side) in (water) in, for (some duration of time) at (some time) and, in addition to per, for each from, originating from (a place) because of, for the sake of by means of, using marked with, under (someone’s name or seal) (with following infinitive) forms the periphrastic imperfective of a verb (contracted from ḥr ḏd) saying; introduces a direct quotation ===== Usage notes ===== Conjunction is usually expressed by directly juxtaposing two nouns, but occasionally ḥnꜥ or ḥr are used to link the nouns instead. The latter (ḥr) may represent a somewhat closer coordination than the former (ḥnꜥ). In Late Egyptian texts, this preposition is often omitted where expected or found erroneously written where unneeded. ===== Alternative forms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Coptic: ϩⲓ- (hi-) Also as part of: ⇒ Coptic: ⲭⲟⲓⲁⲕ (khoiak) ==== See also ==== 𓁷 === Etymology 2 === According to Loprieno, formed from a stem ḥaru- + the Proto-Afroasiatic nominative case marker *-u; in Egyptian, Proto-Afroasiatic case markers were generally lost, but *-u became a glide -w instead when the stem ended in a vowel. The stem is probably related either to the preposition ḥr (“above”), with the theonym thus meaning ‘the One Above’, or to the verb ḥrj (“to be distant”), with the theonym meaning ‘the Distant One’, or to both. ==== Pronunciation ==== (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /hɛr/ Conventional anglicization: hor ==== Proper noun ==== m Horus, the falcon-headed Egyptian god of kingship [since the 1st Dynasty] epithet for the currently reigning (living) pharaoh conventional term introducing the serekh name of most pharaohs (only in the plural) one of a number of minor Horus-gods [19th Dynasty and Greco-Roman Period] ===== Inflection ===== ===== Alternative forms ===== ===== Derived terms ===== ===== Descendants ===== Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ (hōr), (in compounds) ϩⲁⲣ- (har-) → Ancient Greek: Ὧρος (Hôros), (in compounds) Ἁρ- (Har-) → Meroitic: 𐦠𐦫 (ar /⁠ara⁠/) ==== See also ==== 𓅃 === References === “ḥr (lemma ID 107510)”, “ḥr (lemma ID 107520)”, “Ḥr.w (lemma ID 107500)”, “Ḥr.w (lemma ID 850587)”, “Ḥr.w (lemma ID 400034)”, and “Ḥr.ww (lemma ID 858763)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎[1], Corpus issue 20, Web app version 2.5.0, ed. by Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning […] and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils […], 2004–23 April 2026 Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎[2], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 122–124.9, 125.6–127.14, 131.1–132.23 Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 173–174 James P[eter] Allen (2010), Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 88, 148, 179–182, 240.